Chapter 6- Sampling- Case Selection

.rtf

School

Florida Atlantic University *

*We aren’t endorsed by this school

Course

4704

Subject

Statistics

Date

Apr 3, 2024

Type

rtf

Pages

Uploaded by PresidentQuailPerson763

1. It is best to use probability sampling when A) trying to understand the context of people's actions. B) studying a small number of cases. C) the population is unknown or not readily identifiable. D) the research objective is to estimate population characteristics. 2. (Box 6.1) Computer programs for random selection such as RANDOM.ORG typically use __________; in social research, case selection involves __________? A) sampling with replacement; sampling with replacement B) sampling with replacement; sampling without replacement C) sampling without replacement; sampling with replacement D) sampling without replacement; sampling without replacement 3. Which of the following describes a sampling distribution ? A) distribution of individual responses in a single sample B) distribution of individual responses in a population C) probability distribution of individual responses in a single sample D) probability distribution of a sample statistic 4. Which of the following is a characteristic of the sampling distribution of a mean or proportion ? A) its standard error increases as the size of the sample increases B) its standard error increases as the size of the population increases C) it has the shape of a normal curve D) its shape depends on the shape of population distribution 5. A researcher draws a random sample of 100 full-time city employees and, based on their self-reported salaries, calculates an average annual salary of $56,000. According to city records, however, the average annual earnings of all full-time city employees is $51,000. Which of the following conclusions can you draw from these data? A) The mean of the sampling distribution for samples of 100 is $51,000. B) The estimated margin of error for all samples of 100 is $5,000. C) The sample estimate is based on a biased sample of city employees. D) The sample is too small to provide an accurate estimate of the average earnings of all employees. 6. Knowledge of the sampling distribution of a statistic enables researchers to A) draw a smaller sample than ordinarily would be necessary. B) estimate the probable margin of error of a sample statistic. Page 1

C) calculate the population value. D) calculate the difference between a population value and a sample estimate. 7. To calculate the margin of error of a sample estimate, you must know all but which one of the following? A) size of the sample B) standard error of the sampling distribution C) the population value D) desired level of confidence in the margin of error 8. In the National Health and Social Life Survey, “all people aged 18 to 59 with adequate English proficiency living in households located in the 50 states and District of Columbia” describes the A) target population. B) sampling frame. C) sample. D) sampling distribution. 9. Defining the population in a survey is a two-step process. The first step consists of defining the __________; the second step consists of constructing the __________. A) unit of analysis; target population B) target population; sampling frame C) sampling frame; sample design D) sampling design; sample 10. For a survey of senior citizens, a copy of the annual city census is obtained, and 30,000 residents 65 years of age and older are identified. A total of 400 seniors is selected, of whom 250 are interviewed. There are __________ senior citizens in the sampling frame . A) 30,000 B) 400 C) 250 D) an unknown number of 11. Suppose you use the campus directory to draw a sample of the student population for a telephone survey. When you draw your sample you discover that 10 students have no telephone number listed; and when you conduct the survey, you discover that five students have an incorrect number listed. These “missing cases” indicate problems with A) the specification of the target population. Page 2

B) the sampling design. C) the sampling frame. D) random sampling error. 12. What defining feature of a simple random sample distinguishes it from other probability sampling designs? A) It does not require a sampling frame for the selection of cases. B) Every case is randomly selected. C) Every case has a known probability of being selected. D) Every combination of cases has an equal chance of being selected. 13. The two main reasons for using stratified sampling are to __________ and to __________. A) decrease the margin of error; increase the number of cases in particular subgroups B) decrease sampling costs; decrease the margin of error C) analyze the effects of the stratified variable; increase the number of cases in particular subgroups D) decrease sampling costs; analyze the effects of the stratified variable 14. A stratified random sample reduces error when A) an equal number of cases is drawn from each stratum. B) the stratifying variable is related to the variable under study. C) the differences between strata are relatively small. D) the number of cases in each stratum of the sample is proportionate to the number of cases in the population. 15. In a disproportionate stratified sample, A) a different proportion of cases is drawn from each stratum. B) the proportion of cases in each stratum of the sample differs from the proportion of cases in each stratum of the population. C) a different number of cases is drawn from each stratum. 16. Multistage cluster sampling A) is a means of drawing a probability sample when a list of the target population is unavailable. B) is superior to stratified random sampling, given equivalent costs. C) would be appropriate for a geographically concentrated population, such as students at a particular college. D) is rarely used in face-to-face interview surveys because it is difficult to implement. Page 3

17. With which type of sampling design is probability proportionate to size sampling used? A) simple random sampling B) stratified random sampling C) multistage cluster sampling D) purposive sampling 18. Stratified random sampling is used to __________ ; multistage cluster sampling is used to __________. A) reduce costs; eliminate the need to list sample elements B) reduce sampling error; reduce sample size C) reduce sample size; reduce sampling error D) reduce sampling error; reduce costs 19. A stratified random sample reduces sampling error to the extent that variation within each stratum is __________; the sampling error of a cluster sample is reduced to the extent that variation within clusters is __________compared with the variation across clusters. A) small; small B) small; large C) large; small D) large; large 20. You plan to draw a sample of 1,000 from the population of a large state in order to estimate the average value of individual life insurance coverage. A list of all state residents and their incomes is available from the state revenue department. Which sampling design should produce the smallest margin of error? A) a simple random sample that uses a computer program to generate random numbers B) a stratified random sample that uses income categories as strata C) a multistage cluster sample that uses counties as clusters 21. What are the two most important considerations in determining an appropriate sample size? A) size of the population; complexity of the sampling design B) available resources; size of the population C) available resources; desired precision D) desired precision; size of the population 22. When properly executed, which of the following probability sampling designs requires the fewest cases for a given level of sample accuracy? A) simple random Page 4

B) stratified random C) multistage cluster 23. Suppose a student doing a telephone survey for the campus newspaper asks you, “How big a sample do I need to get accurate results?” Which of the following would be the best advice you could offer? A) The number of cases should be at least 25 percent of the population. B) Only samples of 3,000 or more yield truly accurate results. C) That depends on the number of students at the college. The proportion of the population sampled is more important than the absolute size of the sample. D) Accuracy (in terms of error reduction) improves much more for increases in sample size between 100 and 1,000 than for increases in sample size between 2,000 and 3,000. 24. For a numerical variable, say income, which of the following statistics has the smallest value? A) standard deviation of a sample for a sample size of 100 B) standard deviation of a sample for a sample size of 500 C) standard error of the sampling distribution for samples of size 100 D) standard error of the sampling distribution for samples of size 300 25. In probability sampling, which of the following results in random sampling error ? A) an incomplete sampling frame B) refusals to cooperate C) random selection D) failures to contact sampled respondents 26. __________ produces random sampling error, whereas __________ is a source of sample bias. A) An incomplete sampling frame; refusals to cooperate B) Random selection; failures to contact sampled respondents C) Refusals to cooperate; an incomplete sampling frame D) Failures to contact sampled respondents; random selection 27. Which of the following is a source of coverage error ? A) an incomplete sampling frame B) refusals to cooperate C) unreturned questionnaires D) random selection processes Page 5

Your preview ends here

Eager to read complete document? Join bartleby learn and gain access to the full version

Access to all documents
Unlimited textbook solutions
24/7 expert homework help

Recommended textbooks for you

Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...

Algebra

ISBN:9780079039897

Author:Carter

Publisher:McGraw Hill

Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...

Algebra

ISBN:9780547587776

Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL

Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL

College Algebra

Algebra

ISBN:9781938168383

Author:Jay Abramson

Publisher:OpenStax

College Algebra (MindTap Course List)

Algebra

ISBN:9781305652231

Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff Hughes

Publisher:Cengage Learning

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS

Recommended textbooks for you

Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...
Algebra
ISBN:9780547587776
Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
College Algebra
Algebra
ISBN:9781938168383
Author:Jay Abramson
Publisher:OpenStax
College Algebra (MindTap Course List)
Algebra
ISBN:9781305652231
Author:R. David Gustafson, Jeff Hughes
Publisher:Cengage Learning