Crain_Kayla_Research_Paper

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Indiana Wesleyan University, Marion *

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Jan 9, 2024

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NC BIRTHS RESEARCH REPORT DATA SET By KAYLA CRAIN STAT 535 INDIANA WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY DECEMBER 2023

NC BIRTHS RESEARCH REPORT DATA SET 1 Contents PROJECT BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................... 2 Purpose of the Study .................................................................................................................... 2 Context of the Problem, Challenge Opportunity or Issue ........................................................ 2 Objectives of the Study ............................................................................................................ 2 Limitations of the Study .......................................................................................................... 2 Assumptions of the Study ........................................................................................................ 3 Significance of the Study ............................................................................................................. 4 What are the goals of the Study ............................................................................................... 4 Significance of the Topic to the Writer .................................................................................... 4 Significance of the Topic to Stakeholders ............................................................................... 4 Broader Implications of the Topic ........................................................................................... 5 INFORMATION and LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................. 5 Brief Summary of the Literature on the Subject .......................................................................... 5 Systematic Review of the Literature ............................................................................................ 6 Descriptive Statistics ................................................................................................................... 7 Descriptive Graphs .................................................................................................................... 10 PROJECT ANALYSIS .................................................................................................................. 18 Analysis of the Literature Review Research Findings .............................................................. 18 Simple Linear Regression Analysis ....................................................................................... 18 Single Sample Hypothesis Test of the Mean ......................................................................... 18 Chi-Square Analysis .............................................................................................................. 18 PROJECT SUMMARY ................................................................................................................. 20 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................ 20 Specific Recommendations ....................................................................................................... 20 Suggestions for Future Research ............................................................................................... 20 References ...................................................................................................................................... 21 Appendices .................................................................................................................................... 24 Appendix A: Data Set ................................................................................................................ 24 Appendix B: Pictures of Analysis .............................................................................................. 25

NC BIRTHS RESEARCH REPORT DATA SET 2 PROJECT BACKGROUND Purpose of the Study Context of the Problem, Challenge Opportunity or Issue The birth weight of a baby is the first weight recorded shortly after birth, usually within a few hours, before any significant weight loss occurs. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines low birth weight (LBW) as a birth weight less than 2500 g (or 2499 g and below). This LBW definition has been in existence for many years (Cutland, 2017, Para 2). In pounds, 2500 grams is equivalent to 5.51 pounds, and 2499 grams is equal to 5.50 pounds. There is a worldwide issue regarding education on low birth weight, and it is crucial that we dedicate time to researching and analyzing the low birth weight rate problem. Objectives of the Study In this research paper, the aim is to provide information about the challenges and context surrounding a study conducted in 2004, which found that 11% of births were low-birth-weight. It is important to note that preterm birth and being small for gestational age are significant factors contributing to low birth weight, and they also indirectly lead to neonatal deaths. In fact, low birth weight accounts for 60% to 80% of all neonatal deaths. The global prevalence of low birth weight is estimated to be 15.5%, which means approximately 20 million infants are born with low birth weight annually, with 96.5% of these cases occurring in developing countries (World Health Organization, 2018, Para 3). Consequently, the objective of this study is to analyze strategies for preventing the occurrence of low birth weight babies, aiming to ultimately reduce the global rate of low birth weight. Limitations of the Study

NC BIRTHS RESEARCH REPORT DATA SET 3 The limitations of this study consist of a small sample size, with only 1000 people included. Additionally, the length of time the study took place is a limiting factor, as it was completed within a year. This limited timeframe restricts the ability to study factors such as economic stress, as it was conducted in 2004, before the financial crisis of 2009. Stressful events have been suggested as potential contributors to preterm birth and low birth weight. However, this study does not provide information on whether a financial crisis caused low birth weight due to stress (Eiriksdottir, 2013, Para 1). Furthermore, the study lacks information on whether the mothers had chronic health conditions that could lead to low birth weight, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, and heart, lung, or kidney problems (March of Dimes, 2020, Para 7). The study also does not contain information on the relationship status of unmarried mothers, whether they are in a committed relationship or underwent pregnancy alone. Additionally, the study does not address whether prenatal vitamins could be a cause of low birth weight. Another limitation is the lack of information on whether a lack of doctors offering prenatal care could cause distress for both the mother and the baby. Assumptions of the Study The study assumes that the factors collected in 2004, such as age, lack of maternal care, being a single mother, etc., are the causes of low birth weight. Additionally, it assumes that the accuracy of this information is correct. The presence of gaps in the data is attributed to privacy concerns.

NC BIRTHS RESEARCH REPORT DATA SET 4 Significance of the Study What are the goals of the Study The aims of this study are to examine the collected data to gain understanding on strategies for avoiding low birth weight (LBW). The factors considered include age, duration of pregnancy, frequency of doctor visits, marital status, weight gain, correlation between baby's weight and gender, maternal smoking, and race. Conducting the analysis will foster meaningful connections and offer valuable insights aimed at preventing LBW infants in the United States and other nations. Significance of the Topic to the Writer This writer holds personal importance in offering valuable insights that assist co-workers, friends, family, and loved ones in ensuring the birth of healthy babies. Being able to provide concrete evidence through specific actions is a crucial aspect for this writer. Significance of the Topic to Stakeholders Health organizations could benefit from offering improved scholarships for education, as this would help address the significance of providing proper healthcare for pregnant women to the stakeholders. By recruiting medical students to specialize as OB-GYNs, more newly trained obstetrician-gynecologists (OB-GYNs) would be available to provide care for individuals in need and open practices in underserved areas. This is particularly important considering that half of U.S. counties lack a single OB-GYN, putting the lives of many women at risk who require essential care. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) highlighted in a 2017 report that these areas house more than 10 million women who may require OB-GYNs for primary care (Marsa, 2018, Para 4).

NC BIRTHS RESEARCH REPORT DATA SET 5 Broader Implications of the Topic Industry implications. The healthcare sector plays a crucial role in offering assistance to women and infants who require care. Bringing new healthcare facilities to areas with limited access to care can be beneficial. It not only proves advantageous for healthcare providers but also for the local communities. When residents feel secure with their immediate healthcare options, they are more likely to stay and not relocate elsewhere. Global implications. If we fail to continue providing essential data globally, the consequences could include an increase in the number of low weight births. The writer's objective is to highlight various factors and research that can contribute to solutions worldwide. Despite significant differences in insurance systems across countries, low birth rates remain a problem in many regions. By raising awareness about this issue, more countries will be motivated to conduct research and offer necessary care solutions. INFORMATION and LITERATURE REVIEW Brief Summary of the Literature on the Subject March of Dimes leads the effort to promote the well-being of all mothers and infants. We firmly believe that every newborn deserves the best possible beginning. However, not all infants have such an opportunity. We are determined to change this reality. Over the course of 80 years, March of Dimes has assisted countless infants in not only surviving but also thriving. Today, we are expanding upon this long-standing commitment to ensure fairness for all mothers and infants,

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