Acid-Base Chemistry Lab Essay

In this lab, the purpose was to determine the stability of a substance after adding an acid or a base. The results claim that liver and buffer are the most resistance to change in pH. Looking at figure 3, buffer and liver both maintain a stable pH even with the addition of an acid or base. However, potato and water have less buffer in them since their pHs did change. In figure 3, the potato acid’s pH level decreased by two, and the potato base’s pH level increased by two. The level of pH of a water acid decreased by 4, while the water base’s pH increased by 5. These results all tie to the fact that buffer is a substance that maintains a stable pH; the presence of buffer in organisms help maintain homeostasis by binding or releasing hydrogen

We know that that the end point of the titration is reached when, after drop after careful drop of NaOH, the solution in the flask retains its pale pink color while swirling for about 30

The purpose of this lab is to test for enzyme activity, look at enzyme specificity, and how temperature affects enzyme activity.

Fermentation is a metabolic pathway that produce ATP molecules under anaerobic conditions (only undergoes glycolysis), NAD+ is used directly in glycolysis to form ATP molecules, which is not as efficient as cellular respiration because only 2ATP molecules are formed during the glycolysis. One type of fermentation is alcohol fermentation, it produces pyruvate molecules made by glycolysis and the yeast will break it down to give off carbon dioxide, the reactant is glucose and the byproducts are ethanol and carbon dioxide. In this lab, the purpose is to measure whether the changes of

PH can affect the way fermentation occurs due to the irregularity of the acidity or alkalinity within the glucose solution. This is an enzyme-based reaction that is susceptible to pH. The aim of this experiment was to determine how pH affects the yeast fermentation rate by performing the experiment numerous times with a different pH of glucose solution which included pH 3, 5, 7, 9, 11. The hypothesis was ‘If the pH is lower than the neutral point then the fermentation reaction will occur faster?’ The experiment conducted was to measure the amount of C02 produced by the yeast going into fermentation, however varying the pH of glucose solution by using different pHs . To test this every 5 minutes the volume of gas in the test tube was observed and recorded until a period of 30 minutes had been. The end results

11) Dry out the methylene chloride solution that contain the benzoin and the dibromobenzene by the use of anhydrous sodium sulfate.

Lactic acid fermentation: Plant and fungal cells produce alcohol as a result of fermentation and animal cells produce lactic acid

Abstract: This lab’s purpose was to see how different levels of yeast, distilled water, and sugar interact to affect the level of carbon dioxide evolved in fermentation. In this experiment we had two sections. The first section tested four test tubes with varying levels of yeast, glucose and distilled water for evolved carbon dioxide levels. The tubes were timed for 20 minutes. The amounts of solution in the test tubes are noted in the methods section of this lab report. The second section of the lab used three test tubes and flowed the same procedure except added spices. The levels of ingredients are also in the methods section. The main goal of this experiment was to see the effects of yeast concentration.

The proof (twice the % alcohol) starts at its maximum and goes down (as the alcohol evaporates). If we start with a high concentration of alcohol, we will get the azeotrope (95% alcohol, 5% water) for a while, then the concentration will decrease.

The problem that was trying to be solved in this study deals with analyzing unknown solutions. In this particular case, a chemical company has several unknown solutions and to correctly dispose of them they need to know their properties. To figure out the properties several qualitative tests were performed throughout the study (Cooper 2012).

Three grams of a mixture containing Benzoic Acid and Naphthalene was obtained and placed in 100 ml beaker and added 30 ml of ethyl acetate for dissolving the mixture. A small amount (1-2 drops) of this mixture was separated into a test tube. This test tube was covered and labelled as “M” (mixture). This was set to the side and used the following week for the second part of lab. The content in the beaker was then transferred into separatory funnel. 10 ml of 1 M NaOH added to the content and placed the stopper in the funnel. In the hood separatory funnel was gently shaken for approximately one minute and vent the air out for five seconds. We repeated the same process in the same manner one more time by adding 10ml of 1M NaOH.

Acids differ considerable as to their strength. The difference between weak and strong acids can be as much as 10 orders of magnitude. Strong acids dissociate more completely than weak acids, meaning they produce higher concentrations of the conjugate base anion (A-) and the hydronium cation (H30+) in solution.

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to observe a variety of chemical reactions and to identify patterns in the conversion of reactants into products.

The problem that needed to be solved for this experiment was, “How are organisms able to survive and function with proficiency despite metabolic activities that have the disastrous ability to alter pH from a neutral to an acidic or basic environment?” This question needed to be answered by testing different biological materials, as well as tap water, in order to find out what allows modern day organisms to survive such hazardous conditions. A hypothesis that was formulated before experimenting was, “If type of substance is Tap Water, then the changes in pH will be more drastic because water, considered neutral on the pH scale, doesn’t contain a component that will prevent such a change, unlike the content of a buffer solution.” The independent variable for this experiment was type of substance, evidently because this was the part of the experiment that was constantly being changed from trial to trial. The dependent variable for this experiment was pH of the substance because the pH constantly changed depending on the type of substance was being experimented with. The control of this experiment was the tap water and buffer solutions, as the results of the data from the biological materials were constantly compared to the data from both of these solutions.

If an acid-base disturbance shifts the pH outside of the physiologic range, various control measures are activated to resist the change in pH. Compensatory mechanisms try to preserve the normal 20:1 ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid to keep the pH at normal range. The body works to maintain normal ratios through a compensation mechanism using renal and respiratory methods (Crowley, 2010).