Advances And Development Of Tourism : A Literature Of Review

Tourism has taken a toll on many Native Hawaiians and is a huge human rights issue today. Most Hawaiians dislike tourism greatly due to the selfishness and greediness tourists bring to their home country. The pastor at a small rural church on the island of Kauai, Reverend Kaleo Patterson, has witnessed and dealt with numerous Hawaiians who struggle with the issues of tourism. Numerous vacation resorts that attract tourists have taken over gravesites of Hawaiians that have passed away. Due to this problem ancient Hawaiians have to partake in reburials. Tourism causes destruction to coral reefs and rivers because of mindless pollution. Reverend Patterson has protested and given public hearings in effort to acknowledge her fury on tourism. Tourism has brought an uncontrollable worldwide business that has no sympathy or thoughtfulness for the original people of Hawaii.

In this section I will explain the different development in the tourism industry since the 1960’s and what the effect it has on the travel industry.

The 1960 's marked the beginning of cruise tourism ( Brida, et.al, 2013). However, it wasn 't until the 70 's and 80 's that the cruise industry began to experience moderate growth. All of this changed however in 90 's when cruise tourism took root in Europe, Asia and Oceania and 3.8 million people worldwide embarked on ocean adventures ( Brida, et.al, 2013). Although the industry has experienced continual growth since the 90 's, and cruises are consistently ranked as one of the top preferred vacation type by holiday goers, the cruise tourism industry is still relatively small in relation to other forms of international tourism (Brida, et.al, 2013).

Globally the tourism and hospitality industry is undergoing and evolving the radical changes. From the past experiences are now advancing at greater pace through faster development of skills and knowledge developed to create and adapt innovation in several ways. Therefore, it is important to have greater understanding of current issues and knowledge in order to cope with future challenges effectively.

Inbound tourism involves overseas residents visiting the UK. For example, a couple from Taiwan are visiting the Edinburg Fringe festival.

Tourism is often synonymous to traveling for pleasure and education. It is also a business of attracting tourists and providing for their accommodation and entertainment. In many countries, tourism is an industry for earning Inland Revenue and foreign exchange. The many businesses that grow concomitantly with development of tourism include airlines, shipping, hotels and restaurants, finance companies, tour operators, travel agents, car rental firms, caterers and retail establishments and together,

Travel & Tourism is a vast industry, which is known to provide numerous facilities, to people all around the world. Travel & Tourism is quite imperative, for many economies to survive, since, some of their source of income is dependent on travel and tourism.

Now I am the head of the Yunnan province tourism department, and I will give an introduction to it. Yunnan province is situated in the southest of China which covers a total area of 394,000 square kilometers. And it is land of natural beauty and mystery. Today people think of it as a “ frontier province”, which lies just below the Tibetan plateau and Vietnam, Laos and Burma.

This case study deals with family tourist business. The company “Green Paradise Tours and Travel” was created in 2014 with the aim to put Sri-Lanka into a world class tourist destination. In this current project the attempt is made to develop a systematic approach to understand the operational management of tourist business. Commercialization of tourist activity has led to the need of the implementation the basic elements of operational management into the practice of tourist companies. At the same time tourism has a number of the features connected with nature of the rendered services, types of activities, forms of sales, legal regulation etc. These all led to the development of the special direction of management in a services sector like operational management of tourism. Non-standard use of the basics of operations management will help to

Innovative distribution strategies such as IVR Hotel Reservation System and Promoted Hotels on Google Hotel Finder are the future, where it will be easier for Hoteliers to promote themselves than ever before. It opens a bidding war between various OTA’s to provide the lowest price. Various innovations in social media can eventually lead to the death of Online Travel Agencies. But on the other hand, search engines will have nothing to worry about as there is hardly anything better than search.

According to the World Tourism Organization, tourism is the world's number one export earner, ahead of automotive products and petroleum, with more than 600 million people travelling to foreign countries during 2000, spending more than US$ 400 billion and all the tourism receipts internationally have total to more than US$ 500 billion. With all the people on the move, available space and time, affordable airfares, new, exciting destination and globalization, clearly resulted to the growth of tourism (Burns, 2005).

International tourism has become a multibillion dollar industry and many national economies depend on it. In developed countries, the annual increase is faster than average growth of the economy. The contribution to GDP of tourism revenue reaches (or exceeds) 30%.

Based on the most recent annual report published by the World Tourism Organization, over one billion people travel around the world and the number continues to grow every year. In the year 2013, a 5% growth is shown and it is expected to increase in the following years. While such growth has produced benefits such as employments, business opportunities, and increased revenues from exports and services, mass tourism is often questioned because of its contribution to negative impacts to the travel destinations in their economic, social, cultural, and physical environment (“Why Tourism,” 2015). Depending on the intensity of traveler site-use, the destination can easily ran out of the facilitation and resources necessary to accommodate the travelers, and let alone the local residents. In order to fulfill the increased traveler demands, developers will have to construct more hotels and facilities, which may involve buying lands and getting additional resources. In doing so, the developers may over exploit the very environment that attracts travelers and change the destination’s character. They can transform the natural environment into an artificial attraction and this may not only impact the daily lives of the local, but also the economy and unique culture of the destination.

According to Wold Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC), the development of tourism and hospitality employment is important in developing countries. WTTC had done the research and found out that in future 10 years there will be a shortage or a talent ‘deficit’ in tourism and hospitality industry in 46 different countries. (WTTC, 2015) Indirectly, this will become the biggest challenge for Human resource department if there is a shortage of talented employees in human resource department and in the hospitality industry. Therefore, talented human resource management is important to hospitality industry. However, the quantity of jobs is unquestionable the quality of many of these jobs is of great concern to academics and policymakers alike (Nickson, D., 2013).

The travel and tourism industry is the world’s largest and most diverse industry . In a report of World Tourism Organization entitled International Tourism, it has pointed out the desire to standardize the definitions in the tourism industry throughout the world. This shows that tourism is an industry at its mature stage. Standardization has been a product of the big growth of demand for this industry. Meanwhile, studies show that there is a present shift of tourism growth in Asia.