INTRODUCTION
Graphene is a two-dimensional material (2D), composed of layers of carbon atoms packed into a honeycomb network, has become a sparkling rising star on the horizon of material science in the last several years. Even though GN is the mother of all graphitic forms, including 0D fullerene, 1D carbon nanotubes
(CNT) and 3D graphite, which have been intensively studied for decades, not too much attention was paid to GN before.
Graphene, a monolayer of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice, is an interesting material with a range of unusual properties. Long-range pi-conjugation in graphene yields remarkable and unique properties, such as high values of its Young’s modulus (1.0 TPa), large theoretical specific surface area (2630m2 g-1),excellent thermal conductivity (5000 W m-1 K-1), high mobility of charge carriers (200 000 cm2 V-1 s-1), and optical transmittance (97.7%). These excellent properties support GN as an ideal building blocks in nanocomposites. Nanocomposites
…show more content…
There are various methods like Hummers, Brodie, Staudenmair method and some of other methods.Hummer’s method (oxidizing graphite flakes with a mixture of Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4),Potassium Permangnate (KMnO4), Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3)) is generally used for synthesis of GO. Preparation of rGO: Reduction is a way to remove oxygen group,so as to add a group to graphene.rGO can be prepared by chemically reducing GO by using various reducing agents like sodium borohydride,hydrazine monohydrate, hydroquinone, sulphur containing compounds,etc. Hydrazine being toxic and explosive in nature is avoided. Instead environment friendly substitutes like sodium citrate,alcohols,reducing sugar,vitamin A can be used.Other method involve themally mediated reduction including oil bath, hydrothermal, solvothermal approaches can be used to reduce
a flask with 4g of oxidant (5:3 KMnO4:CuSO4.5H2O) and mixed together with a rod instead of a magnetic
Materials: Crucible Balance Crucible Tongs Retort Stand Retort Ring Bunsen Burner Hydrate (Copper (II) sulfate - CuSO₄ • xH₂O / Magnesium sulfate - MgSO₄ • xH₂O) Procedure:
Dissolve 40g povidone in 120g water. Blend 200g lactose, 4g Blue#1, 0.8g Yellow #10. Screen rough blend for clumps and blend to uniform color. Add povidone solution to povidone and 515.2g lactose to granulate. Add water to appropriate consistency, then dry product to specification. Sift material to correct fleck size (wet granulation of coating). Blend 450g of sodium glycolate to 20g silicon dioxide. Screen material. Blend 2700g starch, 7980g MC, 50g Mg stearate, 800g of blue granulation (above) (press coating). For the core, blend 2675g cyclophosphamide monohydrate to 5g silicon dioxide, blend with 1150g starch, 150g starch glycolate, and 20g magnesium stearate. Compress core, then surround core with coating by second direct compression. Hardness
preparing of the materials link to OHS and, if it important , modify the material
Aim: To classify unknown substances according to their structure type and to observe how the structure of materials affects their uses.
Silver nitrate- Adding dilute nitric acid. (Silver nitrate + dilute nitric acid.) The nitric acid reacts.
CuHNO3(aq)+NaOH(aq)→ CuOH(s)+NaHNO3(aq) The next step involved the conversion to cupric oxide. In order to do this the solution was heated until it was a dark black color. This took approximately 30 minutes. After the solution was black, it was allowed to settle.
During week three, dissolve α-chloro-2,6-dimethylacetanilide (2.202g, 0.011mol, 3 equiv.) in toluene (30mL) and a stir bar in a dry-round bottom flask. Assemble the apparatus for heating under reflux. Then add diethylamine (2.4g, 0.033mol, 1 equiv.) to the previous solution. Then heat the mixture under reflux for 90 minutes. After the reflux is complete let mixture cool to room temperature and then ice bath for a short period of time. Then vacuum filtrate the product and rinse the solid product with toluene (5mL). Then transfer the filtrate and washing to a separatory funnel and extract it with HCl (3M, 2 x 20mL). Then combine the acidic extracts in an Erlenmeyer flask and add KOH (8M, 25mL) to make solution basic. Cool the mixture in an Ice bath. Then transfer mixture to a separatory funnel extract it with diethyl ether (2 x 15mL). Then wash the organic extracts with deionized water (25mL) and then dry it with anhydrous sodium sulfate. Gravity filtrate the solution, and cover the beaker with a watch glass till the following week. The following week weigh the product, which is pure lidocaine, determine the melting point, and perform an IR. Yield: 1.360g (0.0058 mol, 17.3%). IR (neat): 1660 cm-1 (C=O), 3252 cm-1 (N-H), 2971 cm-1
To begin the oxidation reaction, first prepare the oxidant that will be used. To make the oxidant combine 390 mg of each of the following compounds: activated 4Ǻ molecular sieve, PCC, and anhydrous sodium acetate. This mixture should be grinded into a powder using a mortar and pestle.
Acquire a test tube containing H2C2O4 and add it to the test tube containing permanganate.
I used Potassium Chloride because it had a major decrease. The reactants we chose had an endothermic reaction.
MgSO4 ● 7H2O was obtained by my laboratory instructor. The support ring was attached to the ring stand. The pipe-stem triangle was put on the ring. A dry porcelain crucible was placed on the triangle. A ceramic-centered wire gauze was put next to the support stand. The crucible was heated for 5 minutes with the Bunsen burner flame. After extinguish the burner flame, the hot crucible was placed on the wire gauze from the triangle by using the tongs to cool for accurately determining the mass of an object. The mass of the cooled down crucible was measured. Hydrate was added to the crucible on the balance until the total mass was about 2.2g compared to the crucible alone. Total mass of crucible and the hydrate was recorded. The crucible with the
As the name implies, it is graphite which has been oxidized, the most common method being Hummers' method. Graphene oxide is exfoliated graphite oxide. From there, graphene oxide can be reduced, making reduced graphene oxide, or r-GO.
To characterize the synthesized product using its boiling point, results of simple chemical tests and derivatization reactions, along with the determination of the melting points of the hydrazones and comparison of the hydrazones using their RGB values.
The procedure was performed as follows: For run 1, 20cm3 of acetone, 10cm3 of sulphuric acid and 145cm3 of water was added to a conical flask. 25cm3 of iodine was then added to this solution which started the reaction and immediately, 20cm3