A Look at Myelin and Myelin-Related Disorders Myelin is the protective sheath around axons in the nervous system, and is often referred to as 'white matter.' It acts as an insulator to the electrical signal that is conducted down the axon as a neuron fires, and can well be compared to the insulation around an electrical wire. The myelin sheath contains a variety of fatty substances (lipids), and contains at least ten distinct chemicals (2). . From what is known, axons are not fully myelinated
Multiple sclerosis is a prolonged, progressive, wasting disorder of the Central Nervous System categorized by distributed demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord. The onset of MS is usually between 20 and 50 years of age, although it can occur in young teens and much older adults. Women are affected two of three times more often than men. (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, & Camera, 2014, p. 1428) MS is five times more dominant in temperate climates such as those found in the
Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology: • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive disease of the peripheral nerves. Its onset is in young adulthood and early middle age affecting more than 400,000 Americans. The incidence is greatest between 20 and 40 years of age, and it affects men and women approximately equally. MS is considered and autoimmune disorder, and is characterized as a demyelinating disease because it causes permanent degeneration and destruction of myelin sheath of the white
symptoms of multiple sclerosis through the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and endorsing myelin protection. B.1. English Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, neurodegenerative disease that affects more than 40,000 individuals in Egypt alone and 2.5 million people worldwide. MS is also categorized as an autoimmune disease in which the immune system instigates an immune response upon encountering the specific myelin antigen and therefore initiating a constant degradation
Nursing Practice History and Evolution “The story of knowledge of multiple sclerosis is like a history of medicine in miniature” (Putnam, 1938, p. 806). My story began eighteen years ago, sitting in a University of Iowa neurologist’s exam room, awaiting the results of a magnetic resonance image of my brain. I was a twenty-six year old Caucasian female from rural Iowa and a recent nursing college graduate. However, I heard the neurologist’s explanation why his assessment revealed a multiple sclerosis
the nervous system is multiple sclerosis (MS). This debilitating demyelinating disease
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders constantly leading to perpetual disability in young adults. Accounting for more than 40,000 affected individuals in Egypt alone (Tallawy et al., 2016), and 2.5 million patients worldwide. (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, autoimmune neurodegenerative disease characterized by the disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB), perivascular inflammation, axonal and oligodendrocyte injury, and breakdown of the myelin
Abstract Neurophysiology provides a range of important clinical investigations to that aid in the diagnosis and management of patients suffering from neurological disease. This experiment investigates the mechanisms behind two pathologies pertaining to channelopathies and demyelination: epilepsy and multiple sclerosis. This is done using a patch clamp technique, a laboratory technique in electrophysiology that allows the study of single or multiple ion channels in cells. Conditions were simulated
Introduction For centuries, the active components (i.e. cannabinoids) of Cannabis sativa (the “marijuana” plant) have been used for medicinal and recreational purposes, primarily due to their ability to regulate various neurobehavioral processes such as memory and cognition, mood, appetite, and sleep [1]. Cannabinoids are highly lipophilic molecules and can be classified as either exogenous, those extracted from the Cannabis sativa plant or synthetically made in the laboratory, or endogenous (Figure
Background: Impaired cognitive performance occurs in children with multiple sclerosis (MS). In adults, cognitive impairment (CI) is seen at the time of first attack suggesting a prodrome of disease progression prior to first onset of physical disability. Children who develop multiple sclerosis also have CI at time of diagnosis suggesting that actual disease onset occurs prior to manifestation of physical symptoms. It has not been reported whether children who go on to develop a clinical diagnosis