A Look at Myelin and Myelin-Related Disorders Myelin is the protective sheath around axons in the nervous system, and is often referred to as 'white matter.' It acts as an insulator to the electrical signal that is conducted down the axon as a neuron fires, and can well be compared to the insulation around an electrical wire. The myelin sheath contains a variety of fatty substances (lipids), and contains at least ten distinct chemicals (2). . From what is known, axons are not fully myelinated
Multiple Sclerosis Pathophysiology: • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive disease of the peripheral nerves. Its onset is in young adulthood and early middle age affecting more than 400,000 Americans. The incidence is greatest between 20 and 40 years of age, and it affects men and women approximately equally. MS is considered and autoimmune disorder, and is characterized as a demyelinating disease because it causes permanent degeneration and destruction of myelin sheath of
Multiple sclerosis is a prolonged, progressive, wasting disorder of the Central Nervous System categorized by distributed demyelination of nerve fibers of the brain and spinal cord. The onset of MS is usually between 20 and 50 years of age, although it can occur in young teens and much older adults. Women are affected two of three times more often than men. (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, & Camera, 2014, p. 1428) MS is five times more dominant in temperate climates such as those found in the
Since the first Hematopoietic stem cell transplant successfully carried out by Dr. Thomas in 1972, the technique has gained world- wide importance, and has become a potentially curative treatment for most neoplastic and non- malignant disorders including Leukaemia, Sickle cell anaemia and Multiple Sclerosis (Alvarez Silva, 2017). However, complications such as graft-versus-host diseases (GVHD) and relapse of primary malignancy are substantial and are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the most common neurological disorders constantly leading to perpetual disability in young adults. Accounting for more than 40,000 affected individuals in Egypt alone (Tallawy et al., 2016), and 2.5 million patients worldwide. (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, demyelinating, autoimmune neurodegenerative disease characterized by the disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB), perivascular inflammation, axonal and oligodendrocyte injury, and breakdown of the myelin
pathological changes post-mortem were recognized, multiple sclerosis was still not recognized as a distinct disease (Murray & McDonald, 2005). However, in the 19th century, multiple sclerosis would have been grouped into a general class of nerve disorders (Kumar, Aslinia, Yale, & Mazza, 2009). Jean Martin Charcot named the disease sclerose en plaques and treatment consisted of gold chloride, zinc, sulfate, silver nitrate, strychinine and electrical stimulation (Murray & McDonald, 2005). For medicine
symptoms of multiple sclerosis through the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and endorsing myelin protection. B.1. English Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory, neurodegenerative disease that affects more than 40,000 individuals in Egypt alone and 2.5 million people worldwide. MS is also categorized as an autoimmune disease in which the immune system instigates an immune response upon encountering the specific myelin antigen and therefore initiating a constant degradation
allows us to act through motor control. Fundamentally, the nervous system is vital to our understanding and ability to interact with the world. One important disease that detrimentally affects the nervous system is multiple sclerosis (MS). This debilitating demyelinating disease attacks the human body’s main method of transmitting and communicating information, by inflammation of the Central Nervous System (CNS) of the brain and spinal cord. Normally, the neurons within the CNS are insulated by a substance
malfunctioning of neurons, giving rise to channelopathies and demyelinating diseases. The pathologies deriving from neuron malfunction of concern are multiple sclerosis and epilepsy. Channelophathy One of the most exciting developments in clinical neurology over the last decade has been the identification of ion channel mutations as the cause of a wide variety of inherited disorders. This development started with the discovery that several disorders of muscle membrane excitability were linked to missense
Background: Impaired cognitive performance occurs in children with multiple sclerosis (MS). In adults, cognitive impairment (CI) is seen at the time of first attack suggesting a prodrome of disease progression prior to first onset of physical disability. Children who develop multiple sclerosis also have CI at time of diagnosis suggesting that actual disease onset occurs prior to manifestation of physical symptoms. It has not been reported whether children who go on to develop a clinical diagnosis