The skeletal system is made up of 206 bones that protect our internal organs.
Bones are hollow and contain bone marrow. Bone marrow is a spongy red tissue that produces red blood cells. There are various diseases and disorders that affect the bone. One is bone cancer or bone neoplasm. Bone cancer is a cancerous tumor of the bone that destroys the standard bone tissues. This disease can originate in any bone of the body. This cancer can also begin in an organ and spread to the bone. Usually, it affects the long bones that make up the arms and legs. Bone cancer is caused by an error in a cell’s DNA. The error tells the cell to grow and divide uncontrollably. The cells continue living. Although, the cells are supposed to die at its structured
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A biopsy is the removal of a tissue sample from the bone tumor. The blood test determines the level of an enzyme called Alkaline Phosphatase. A great amount of enzyme is present in the blood when cells that form the bone tissue are very active. While X-rays show the location, size, and shape of the bone tumor. Bone scan uses a small amount of radioactive material that's injected into
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY: SKELETAL DISORDER RESEARCH PAPER
BONE CANCER
Raven Sigur
2nd block
2/25/16
the blood vessels and travels through the bloodstream. The bone scan then collects in bonds and is discovered by a scanner. Treatments for bone cancer varies from the type of cancer it is, it's stage, and the patients overall health. Surgery removes cancer, but spares the limbs.
Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that utilizes chemicals to kill cancer cells. This treatment is often given through the veins to travel throughout the body.
Radiation therapy, uses high-powered beams of energy like x-rays to kill cancer cells. During radiation therapy the patient lies down on a table while a machine moves all around the body and aims the strong beams at precise points.
Even with all of these technical diagnostic test and treatment procedures, there
Osteoblast- cells which build bone by removing calcium and phosphates form the blood in the presence of the enzymes alkaline phosphates secrete by
This cancer is a bone cancer that attack the bones, especially large bones. This cancer is named osteogenic sarcoma(Osteosarcoma) for medical term (“Osteosarcoma”, n.d.). Osteosarcoma mostly affects people under 25 years old, and it can affect old people but it is really rare(“Osteosarcoma: An Introduction.”, 2012). When this cancer attacks, it grows bones, and any type of bone (“Bone cancer”,2013). This cancer is an ancient disease that we started to recognize in 1805. Most of the symptoms are on the bones (“Bone cancer”,2013). It also is not contagious so its not passed from person to person like other diseases.
Cancer is described as the abnormal growth of cells. Normal cells are replaced with abnormal cells in which their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been damaged or augmented (McCance & Huether, 2014). Cancer cells with their various DNA changes are characterized by growing uncontrollably, being immortal with an unlimited lifespan
Osteosarcoma is an ancient disease that still has some mystery behind it. Osteosarcoma is a type of cancer that starts in the bones. It is also the most common type of bone cancer, and makes up 65% of all bone cancer. However, it is a very rare cancer and has fewer than 20,000 cases per year in The USA. The cells that form an osteosarcoma make bone matrix, similar to osteoblasts. However, the bone matrix of an osteosarcoma is not as strong as a bone matrix from an osteoblast, and therefore is not as strong as normal bones. The most common age group affected by osteosarcoma is children and young adults. However, osteosarcoma can occur at any age. Osteosarcoma is most commonly found in areas of the bone that grow quickly, which is why children are more likely to get this type of cancer. The most common place to find osteosarcoma is the end of long bones, especially in the knee, distal femur, and proximal tibia. The proximal humerus is typically the most common site. The treatments of
Central Idea: Metastatic bone cancer also known as Osteosarcoma is rare cancer that has no cure. For That reason, more funding and research need to go treatment.
A cancer cell is formed when the cell’s DNA is damaged but not repaired. Instead of the cell dying, like a normal cell, it reproduces new cells which also have the damaged DNA that the original cell had. Factors that can cause a cell to be damaged are mistakes during the reproduction of the cell, environmental reasons, such as smoking or too much sun exposure. The cancer cells form tumors which then invade the tissue of a certain body part, like the breast, lungs, brain, or prostate. Cancer can spread sometimes from body part to body part, but is named from where it starts. For instance, if somebody were to be diagnosed with breast cancer, and developed cancer in their lungs, it would be metastatic lung cancer. Metastasis is how cancer can spread to other body
Osteosarcoma(OS) is a primary malignant tumor of bone which is characterized by the formation of osteoid tissue. Although it is the most common malignancy of long bones after multiple myeloma [2], it is a relatively rarer entity in the craniofacial region. About 6% of Oss arise in the jaws .The estimated incidence of the new cases of Jaw OS (JOS) per year is 0 .07 in 100,000. (1) The etiology of OS is unknown, but some risk factors such as a previous history of ionizing radiation, alkylating agent, retinoblastoma and benign bone lesions such as paget disease and fibro osseous dysplasia have been associated with the development of head and neck OS.(2-4) JOS occur with a peak in the third through fifth decades of life. The mean age is
during adolescent growth, which could be why 80% of all osteosarcoma childhood cases occur in the lower long bones and at the time of puberty (Mirabello & Savage 5). The chances of a cell dividing uncontrollably are increased at a time of rapid cell growth when there is many more cells dividing that could go suddenly go uncontrolled, and therefore the answer of how osteosarcoma is ignited could lie in puberty. On the contrary, the answer may be found in a small gene that prevents osteosarcoma patients from responding well to the chemotherapy treatment.
Cancer begins when cells in a part of the body begin to grow out of
Malignant bone tumors have a propensity to spread via the bloodstream to various areas of the body, especially to the lungs and other bones. Annually, approximately 2800 new bone sarcomas are diagnosed in the United States. Unlike soft tissue tumors, malignant bone tumors present most commonly with pain. Therefore, these tumors require serious therapy plans that typically involve some combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and bone reconstruction. Specifically, the treatment of a malignant tumor calls for resection of the main tumor as well as the normal tissue surrounding the cancerous area. Bone sarcomas can come in three types: Osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, and Chondrosarcoma.
The prognosis for osteoclastomas is good. Although the tumors are generally benign, pulmonary metastases can develop in some people. This causes death in 16%-25% of reported cases of osteoclastoma with pulmonary metastases. The mortality rate in patients with osteoclastomas that have not spread is only 4%. After treatment for osteoclastomas, it is recommended to get yearly check-ups for 5 years because a relapse is possible. Relapse from surgical procedures occurs anywhere from 5%-55% depending on the technique used and 10%-15% for radiation therapy. (Forsyth & Hogendoorn, n.d.)
Ewing's sarcoma is a rare type of cancer that grows in the bones. It is usually found in longer bones of the arms or legs. The thigh bone (femur) is the bone most often affected, followed by the bones of the pelvis, lower leg, upper arm (humerus) and chest.
The research paper “CD47 is an Adverse Prognostic Factor and Therapeutic Antibody Target on Human Acute Myeloid Leukemia Stem Cells” found a new cancer marker to target for treatment of a type of bone marrow cancer.
Several methods such as surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy have been used to treat cancers. The cancer patients who are not helped
Bone cancer is a disease that occurs on or inside a bone. Usually, bone cancer involves a tumor filled with abnormal cells that will occasionally appear on the exterior of the bone. Similar to other types of cancer, bone cancer can be life threatening. Doctors are not completely sure what causes cancer, but they continue the search to find an answer. There are five different types of bone cancer that can affect people from ages 10-60 years old. Bone cancer can occur in any bone in the body from the legs to the head. Unfortunately, symptoms of bone cancer are not always obvious. Most of the time, pain is the most apparent symptom. When recognizing symptoms at an early stage, doctors can complete testing and supply treatment to