Cancer Celll Imaging and Photothermal Therapy in the Neaf-Infrared Region by Using Gold Nanorods

In this synthesis, the glycerol acts as the solvent for the synthesis reaction as well as the reducing agent and as stabilizers of the AuNP. Therefore, this work describes the self-assemblage of AuNP photochemically synthetized in glycerol on vesicles structures. After the optimization of some analytical features of the AuNP synthesis (irradiation time, HAuCl4 concentration), these AuNP were immobilized onto vesicles structures composed by the phospholipid DOPC (1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). This nanosystem was characterized by using UV-VIS spectrometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The results show that the vesicles were decorated with gold nanoparticle of (8 nm) with the advantage that the method is fast and reliable since no nanoparticle extraction is needed and can be used in immunoafinnity column and biosensor field.

After that, we can track and record the survivorship between the 2 groups over consistent time intervals. According to a case study that took place in Ruđer Bošković Institute, silver ions are detrimental to many species of microorganisms. In this study, E.coli were tested on agar plates to test the effects of silver nanoparticles, which led to damage in the cellular structure of E.coli bacteria (Sondi 177-178). It would be interesting to see if our experimental results would match this case study's results. In addition to this, our experiment could be further extended by testing and comparing the effects of the different variations of silver nanoparticles (batch a, b, c, d) to determine which reagents are most effective in synthesizing anti-microbials.

These results are similar to the one reported earlier for biosynthesis of AuNPs with sodium alginate, in which the concentration of the olibanum gum increased from 0.1 to 0.5% . The decrease in anisotropy and polydispersity with increase in the concentration of olibanum gum was also evident from the TEM images. It is worth noting that the shape of the particles changed from anisotropic nanostructures to spheres, when the concentration of olibanum gum is increased to 1%. This observation shows that the particle size of the AuNPs can be controlled by varying the concentration of HAuCl 4 , olibanum gum and reaction time. At higher concentration of olibanum gum up to 0.5%, the interaction between ionic gold and function groups on olibanum gum as well as the rate of nanoparticle capping were excellent but at high olibanum gum concentration above 0.5%, the broad particle size distribution might be resulted by the increased intermolecular force of olibanum gum molecules which may hinder the dispersion of AuNPs.

Silver has been used since Roman times as a disinfectant because of its well-known antimicrobial properties. AgNPs are considered attractive building blocks for nanomaterial architectures based upon the nanoparticles size and shape (Shipway etal 2000).

It has an attractive shiny appearance, although it discolours easily. Silver (Ag), chemical element, a white shiny metal valued for its attractive beauty and electrical conductivity. Silver is period 5 of the periodic table, between copper and gold, and its physical and chemical properties are halfway between those two metals. It is used for jewellery, mirrors, coins and silver tableware, where appearance is important. Mirrors are almost always if not always made with silver, as researchers have proved that it is the best reflector of visible light. As a result of the continually growing demand for the precious white metal is a big indicator for the future price to increase dramatically. One of many developing fields is silver nanoparticles of technology, that is producing demand for silver that is still not yet fully priced into our current market. Silver is the most important valuable metal after gold and in fact silver has no equal. Which brings us to our next topic, when it comes to conducting electricity and/or heat, silver is the only way to go. As we previously stated before, it is the best and most efficient reflector of light. Silver is widely considered as the primary choice for growing range of technologies, due to its characteristics such as its antimicrobial properties (antimicrobial is an agent that kills microorganisms or stops their growth) (En.wikipedia.org, 2018). The first mass-market use of silver was photography aside from money and jewellery. Technology utilities the conductivity of silver and has made a huge demand in the manufacture of solar energy panels. One of the newest science fields are also creating potentially significant demand for silver along with the technology utilities. A nanoparticle is a submicroscopic size unit, measuring between 1-100 nanometres. Silver nanoparticles have numerous uses in medicine and technology. Silver is one of the most

We hypothesize that the RBC membrane derived vesicles will be a universal stealth agent for the nanoparticle surface. The nanoparticle will target the TFR (Transferrin receptor) and Ribonucleotide reductase M2 (RRM2) that is upregulated in the malignant cells. It will systemically administer siRNA to a human to produce a specific gene inhibition (reduction in mRNA and protein) by RNAi mechanism of action which will lead to reduction in RRM2 protein expression. The nanoparticle will be labelled with 64Cu which can be used for diagnosis using micro-PET imaging or CT imaging making the total approach theranostic.

Based on the cell adhesion results demonstrating increased cell-surface interactions, it was expected that the nanotextured PDMS surfaces would exhibit enhanced selective cancer cell capture compared with plain PDMS. To test this

Abstract: In this study, we report a convenient, simple, economically viable and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with carboxymethyl gum kodagogu (CMGK). Carboxymethyl gum kondagogu is a nontoxic and renewable. It is used as reducing, stabilizing and capping agent for the synthesis of AuNPs without using any chemical reducing agent. The effect of various parameters such as concentration of HAuCl4 and CMKG and reaction time for the synthesis of AuNPs was studying. The green synthesized AuNPs were characterized by UV−vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction techniques. The resultant CMGK capped AuNPs are extremely stable and had significant antibacterial action on both Bacillus subtilis (B.subtilis) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The catalytic activity of the CMGK capped AuNPs was studied the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) to 4 Amino phenol (4-AP) in the presence of NaBH4. With respect to the 4-NP the kinetics of the reaction were found to be a pseudo-first-order.

Cancer is a disease that involves abnormal growth of cells with a danger of spreading over other parts of the body. Modern biological researches being made to treat different forms of cancer have all been using one common material: nanoparticles. These particles have properties useful for the treatment of cancer like their stability in solvents, the adjustable surface chemistry for delivery, and the ideal size to deliver bio organic ligands to cells1. Even combining together nanoparticles with different functionality increases their potential use in cancer treatment. The common use of the particles in treatment is to direct them to target cells with antibodies attached to their surfaces. There is a monetary limitation to this method needing large and expensive machines. Some methods require the particles to be heated with a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) machine or an electromagnetic field which causes death of cells around the target cells.

Reducing toxicity of therapeutic materials is the main aim of developing drug-delivery systems that is achieved using CNTs.1, 2 The intense interest in CNTs is due to the capability of adsorbing or conjugating with a wide variety of medicinal molecules and their unique chemical and physical properties and potential applications from high strength and low weight nanocomposite materials to electronic devices. Drug molecule penetrate through the cancer cell by CNT to treat diseases and thereby potentially reducing the drug side effects by preserving the non-targeted tissues of the patients.3-5 The

Preparation, characterization, and physical properties of a nanostructured materials of silver (nanoparticles and nanocomposites) have been the subject of various researcher in many scientific laboratories during the past years for many studies and it has been also established that size, stability, color, shape, and properties depend on the method of preparation (radiation, photochemical, electrochemical, and chemical) as well as experimental factors such as [reactants], [stabilizer and/or capping agents], temperature, order of mixing of reactants, presence of stabilizers and capping agents and even on the addition rate of reducing agents [1–12].

The physicochemically bonded NA will be characterize by using optical and scanning transmission electron spectroscopy (STEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. This will improve understanding of photoinduced doping of TMDs by metal nanoantennae, which could benefit emerging catalytic applications. The bonding of the metal nanoantennae and the TMD together is a key determinant for transporting and accessing electrons, which can be characterized via EELS.

In the present work, PVA-Ag nanocomposite films with thickness 0.18 mm, constant silver content (0.4 wt. %) and different time of reactions (0.1, 3, 5, 7, 9 h) were prepared by chemical reduction methods. Structure, surface topology, photoluminescence and electrical properties of PVA-Ag nanocomposite were studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD), electrometer, atomic force microscope (AFM) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy were used to characterize the prepared nanocomposites. X-ray patterns showed the existence of Ag-nanoparticles within the PVA polymeric matrix with face centered cube (FCC) phase. It was found that the root mean square (RMS) roughness decrease with increasing the time of reaction. While PL intensity at 427 nm increase as the time of reaction is increased. Frank-poole emission is the prevailing transport mechanism for all samples.

Gold nanoparticles provide the capability of stable molecular immobilization without affecting bioactivities. As a result, the use of gold electrodes has been used in the successful detection of the rfbe gene E.coli 0157:H7 [4].

In the past two decades, the use of nanoparticles, such as liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles, to deliver drugs into the human body has revolutionized the medical field. The advantages of nanoparticle drug delivery system include the drug’s longer circulation half-life, reduced side effects and improved pharmacokinetics.5 As a result, the emergence of a new field of medicine called nanomedicine is being vastly researched and studied to advance clinical therapeutics. Currently, nanomedicine field involve the use of nanotechnology for drug delivery vehicle, biosensoring, bioimaging and tissue engineering. For example, photodynamic therapy destroys the cancerous tissue by changing a drug’s chemistry with the use of an external energy source, usually a