Catford And Translation Shift And Equivalence

Skopos rule represents the major and first rule of skopos theory, it solves “the eternal dilemma of free vs faithful translation” which represents an evident that the translator's precognition of the purpose of any translation would aide the translator to choose the translation approach that achieve these skopos. And (Nord 1997) indicates that skopos of the same translation may need free or literal translation or mixture of both, it is to be determined by the purpose of the translation each time translation process is

The product of this process reflects a translation that is the shared consensus of a linguistically equivalent protocol across languages and cultures.

Theory of translation: One puts primary emphasis on formal or on functional equivalency bridging into modern language.

Another crucial problem the family has is the dynamic with Joey, Emilia, Hector, and Celia. Due to the fact that Celia has primarily stayed in the home, and as a result cannot speak English, it obstructs her ability to advocate in the fullest capacity for her grandson. One example is how Celia didn’t fully understand that Vicki’s diagnosis of Autism was the reason behind her daughter’s behavior. Translation are “words that have been changed from one language into a different language (Merriam-Webster, n.d.).” Based on the definition, it would be easy for valuable information to become distorted through the use of a translator.

It is easy to tell that the first interpreter’s first language is English. A few times, he interpreted based on cognates, forgetting about false cognates. It was also possible to see the second interpreter’s first language is Spanish. Every now and then he would struggle to interpret a word into English and would keep the Spanish

Marjorie Agosin’s “Always Living in Spanish: Recovering the Familiar, through Language,” gave me a deeper meaning of living in translation. I have always cringed whenever I found myself in the situation of tranlating everything to my parents from english to spanish and always acting as the translator wherever, whenever, with whom ever. I, too, like Agosin am foreign to this country, thus it should be our duty to keep our culture alive. Our language is our identity, and we are no traitors to the tradtions, cultures and the language the United States has to offer. Knowing two languages is a gateway to opportunites for jobs. Not only that, but we are also the living proof that cultures and languages can preside without conflict. Translating should

Languages and the way one speaks, can have many differences around the world, however, just different alphabets or linguistic rules are not the only things that make a person unique. Speaking a certain language contrast to others also may affect the way one thinks or operates. In a article published by the Wall Street Journal, Lera Boroditsky, a professor of psychology at Stanford, proves that language distinctions can have an effective on one’s cognitive skills and decision-making. “Lost in Translation” by Lera Boroditsky is an article convincing fellow psychologists or language scholars that knowing divergent languages can cause one to think in different ways. Boroditsky uses allusion, appeal to expert opinion, statistics, and anticipating objection to argue to her audience that there is a direct connection between language and one’s thought process which can cause one to act or think in a particular way.

Newmark (1988) considered translation as a matter of choice. His idea is that translators should have the skill which enables them to decide upon the most appropriate equivalence. Translator’s choice depends on certain criteria in accordance with a specific theory. Regarding this matter, one of these problems was about how to achieve equivalence or the equivalent effect of the political terms or expressions. Wrong choice giving the inadequate or inaccurate translation.

Some linguists claim that dealing with the process of finding equivalence is the most significant issue existing among translation processes and that is one of the mains principles of Western theory of translation. Translation is a mean of communication and in order for it to be effective it is crucial to establish appropriate equivalence between source and target text. Nida defines translation as “reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style”. (Nida, 1982, p. 12) It is conspicuous that equivalence is one of basic concepts of translation which cannot be overlooked. This complex phenomenon often becomes a measure which helps to define the process of translation. Number of researches stress on the important role of the equivalence for the translation process and it is hard to hard to overestimate the role of equivalence in translation. Use of equivalence translation help people to understand each other and enables achieving communication goals. Achieving maximum linguistic, grammar and structural equivalence is inevitably linked with certain restrictions and limitations but the skilful use of equivalents can undoubtedly benefit the results of translation act. Despite different approaches, the equivalence is an important

Those structures that are similar will be easy to learn because they will be transferred and may function satisfactorily in the foreign language. Those structures that are different will be difficult because when transferred they will not function satisfactorily in the foreign language and will therefore have to be changed. We can say that the degree of control of these structures that are different is an index to how much of the language a person has learned.”

How do translators interact with the text to approach a successful solution in the translation process? The goal of this research is to discover the type of decision-making process student translators experience with relation Web resources access, given their need to seek, process, use, and generate a solution. These processes are analyzed and calculated through each participants’ screen recording and their post-translation interview. The student translators’ success rate does not necessary improve with an increased cognitive effort as their formulation to solve a translation problem is largely dependent on their Web search performance.

There are two critical elements you must know when translation a document and they cannot be stated too many times:

In other words, it is when people use the image to show their approach and attitudes towards life in their community and in the world. Or as Lakoff and Johnson said in their book concerning this subject: "a culture may be thought of as providing, among other things, a pool of available metaphors for making sense of reality”. The cultural approach of metaphors is what made Mandelblit analyze the translation of metaphors from a cognitive perspective, which focuses on the cultural beliefs and values of the source language and of the target language, especially when it is the case between two very different languages. Arabic and English are languages that are very distinct and on several levels; especially on the linguistic and cultural level. However, even if both languages are different, the differences in economic, political and environmental factors among numerous societies may be completely important, human societies are connected by a similar biological history. The reality in which humans live is certainly not the same, but it is on the whole and large alike, as Chitoran

The second half of the last century have seen a great advance in translation field ( translation studies discipline ). Which make many translation scholars emphasis on the importantce of knowing the translation theory for the translators since the translation studies become a discipline.Mona Baker stats”

Daniel Gouadec (2002: 273) said in Translation as a Profession that "most translation problems and potential risks could be resolved by getting as much information as possible prior to a translation project". As to the translation project in this report, I made preparation in the following aspects: