Cause And Effect Of Lung Cancer

What are lung cancers? Lung cancers are the abnormal cells which grow in uncontrolled manner in one or both lungs. They do not function as normal lung cells and do not develop into healthy lung tissue. The abnormal cells can grow, form tumours and interfere with the normal functions of the lung (Lungcancer.org, 2015). Lung cancers can be divided into two major types, namely non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancers (SCLC). NSCLC can be further classified into three main subtypes, namely adenocarcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma and large-cell carcinoma (Longo & Harrison, 2012). Lung cancers can be diagnosed by chest X-ray, computerised tomography (CT) scan, positron emission tomography-computerised tomography (PET-CT) scan, bronchoscopy and biopsy (Nhs.uk, 2015). Unfortunately, lung cancers are often diagnosed at the later stages. This is due to the unrecognisable symptoms and warning signs at the earlier stages. NSCLC are often diagnosed at stage IV which accounts for 30-40% of cases whereas 60% of SCLC is diagnosed at stage IV. Lung cancer usually originates from the cells lining the bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli. Carcinogens especially tobacco smoke will alter the gene expression of the normal human lung cells, resulting in cell mutation. The proto-oncogenes will be converted to mutated form, oncogenes. Mutation leads to the decreased expression of the tumour suppressor genes. This results in uncontrolled cell proliferation, cell

The leading cause of cancer death for both men and women in the United States and worldwide is lung cancer. Lung cancer is responsible for thirty percent of cancer deaths in the United States. The deaths caused by breast cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer combined do not add up to the deaths that lung cancer causes. In 2007, 158,683 people, 88,243 men and 70,354 women died from lung cancer in the United States (Eldridge, 2012). Out of the 158,683 people that died from lung cancer in 2007, 135,000 of them died of lung cancer caused by smoking cigarettes. The overall survival rate of those with lung cancer is at about fifteen percent.

Unfortunately, it seems that people not only risk their life with every cigarette they smoke, but also affect everybody else who is around. Everybody can be affected by second-hand smoke.

Statistics say that cigarettes are the highest reasons that emphysema is the cause (health central). Strong chemicals that people smoke like tobacco release chemicals from the patients lungs and damage them. The reason why cigarettes are a cause of emphysema is because it has tobacco in it and there is many people that smoke. Tobacco is a green plant and it grows in warm weather. Tobacco also cause other illnesses like lung cancer. Patients body has many cells , if the patient is healthy the person only produces new cells when its needed , patients that have this illness destroy the cells that is needed in the body. If patients don’t get treated as soon as they find out the lungs damage more as the time passes. Emphysema is the fourth reason of patients dying . Emphysema often occurs after the age of 35. Lungs have 90 percent that is filled with pure air and just 10 percent is solid tissue . Another cause for this disease is genetic syndrome. Genetic syndrome are caused by DNA genetics, which people get from parents. Usually a bad chronic cough is the first and major symptom of emphysema. Patients usually get

Exposure to second hand smoke, also called involuntary smoking, occurs when non-smokers breathe in the cigarette smoke from others around them. Second hand smoke is harmful to both pregnant women and infants (NTP). Paternal smoking reduces birth weight by about 2 oz. (Berger 115). After birth, babies exposed to cigarette smoke may experience more colds, lung problems, and even ear infections.

In accordance with this Utilitarianism trait, we should consider that when an individual smokes, second-hand and third-hand smoke is spread to those around. This type of specific smoke has “higher concentrations of cancer-causing agents (carcinogens) and is more toxic than mainstream smoke. It also has smaller particles than mainstream smoke. These smaller particles make their way into the lungs and the body’s cells more easily” (American Cancer Society, 2015). Additionally, this smoke can significantly hurt unborn children and babies. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs reported

Lung Cancer. Two words that nobody wants to hear. A dreadful and frightening disease that can seriously injure a human being. A horrible disease that can kill somebody that doesn’t deserve such a thing. “Lung cancer is a serious health problem that

Lung cancer occurs due to cells in a person’s lungs that multiple at a rapid pace, which form a malignant tumor. These tumors in the lungs take away important necessities such as oxygen, and nutrients; diminishes the ability of the tissue to properly function. One of the most type of common lung cancers is Adenocarcinoma, which make up to forty percent of these cases. Smoking is the primary reason for Americans to be diagnosed with lung cancer, with a cigarette containing more than 4,000 chemicals that have permanent damage to the lungs causing long term effects (Conrad 2016).

Over decades, lung cancer globally continues to be the leading killer in both genders. In the United States, smoking is responsible for 90% lung cancer deaths in men and about 80% in women. About 15 decades ago, lung cancer was not considered as the leading killer because it was an extremely rare disease about 1% in total of cancer cases. However, by the year 1927, the percentage increased into 14%. During World War I, many soldiers and civilians started smoking to release stress. Eventually, that made the lung cancer rate and smoking addiction in the population started to increase. In a research that published in 2001, lung cancer annually kills over one million people worldwide (Witschi, 2001). The death rate, which caused by lung cancer,

Other than affecting the health of the smoker, the second-hand smoke from smokers' cigarettes can also affect the health of others around them. When someone is smoking a cigarette in public or anywhere else there may be other people, they aren't only risking their own life, but the other people's lives around them as well. They need to recognize this and be more respectful to the others around them. Non-smokers who breathe in this second-hand smoke may experience allergies or a variety of different irritations. This is especially dangerous to pregnant women who are open to the second-hand smoke, for it can enlarge the risk of having an irregular birth. However, with a little bit of our help, in time these smokers can learn and will not allow

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States and worldwide 1 [1]. The survival rate of lung cancer patients is markedly improved in recent years due to development of the lung cancer screening program and targeted therapy. It is well-known that the development and progression of lung cancers, including both small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), are multi-step process. The GCTA data have shown that several oncogenes, such as AKT1, Anaplastic lymphoma kinase receptor (ALK), Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), ERBB2, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS), MET, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, RET, ROS1, and others are involved 2,3,4,5,6,7[2-7]. Based on these emerging data, many

The most common cause of lung cancer is smoking cigarettes. 80% of people who have lung cancer got it from smoking. The longer you smoke cigarettes the better chance of getting lung cancer. Smoking at a young age increases the chance of getting lung cancer more then starting to smoke as an adult. The sooner you quit, the better your life will be. Passive smoking (secondhand smoking) can give you lung cancer if exposed for a long time to it.

Lung cancer is strongly associated with cigarette smoking, both from the actual smoker and secondhand, although there are cases in which someone that has never smoked or experienced secondhand has had lung cancer. Pipes and cigar smoking are also factors of lung cancer, but the risks are not as high as cigarettes. Another cause known for lung cancer is asbestos fiber. Asbestos fibers are silicate fibers that persevere in lung tissues after exposure to asbestos; which is something that can be picked up in a workplace where thermal and acoustic insulation is used. Smoking cigarettes increases the risk of developing asbestos-related lung cancer in workers.

When smoking a widespread cause of death comes from the coronary heart disease, which results from atherosclerosis. This builds fatty deposits called plaque upon the heart and makes inner walls of the arteries narrow and stiffen, and often completely blocks the flow of blood to a portion of the heart. Therefore, the smoking causes this disturbance as 50% of smokers have experienced an acceleration of plaque accumulation from the exposure. Then lung cancer increases from the daily intake of the dangerous chemicals because of the interactions within the body. Therefore, the more one smokes a day will impact the chance of cancer as demonstrated from studies that after a year of quitting smoking the risk of lung cancer and others greatly diminished. Finally, the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that are obtained from the exposure of the dangerous chemicals and irritants in numerous cases, which forces the lungs to work harder. As a result, emphysema can develop and this makes the elasticity of air sacs diminish, thus ability to breathe in-and-out is harder. While chronic bronchitis will inflame the bronchial tubes and produce more mucus, and this creates a chronic cough and harder

Lung cancer takes the lives of many at a young age and the cause isn’t always clear as of how this disease was contracted. The most popular idea of what causes lung cancer since early times has been using tobacco. Tobacco contains nicotine which is a highly addictive drug that gives a temporary feeling of relaxation. When people get addicted to nicotine, it becomes incredibly difficult for the victims to stop smoking. According to Brody, Lung cancer has been shown to take the lives of more people compared to any other form of cancer and this is the case since lung cancer is associated with life style. New information regarding lung cancer has shown that about one-fourth of those victims who are diagnosed didn’t obtain it through first hand smoking. People can obtain this illness through an “unlucky” combination of genetics (Brody).