Cancer is the one of the leading cause of death both in economically developed as well as developing countries (Jemal, Bray et al. 2011). Although a number of chemotherapeutic drugs can considerably shrink tumor sizes, but they often fail to eradicate tumors completely (Sun, Wen et al. 2011) or have other limitations like toxicity and very high cost. Resistance to chemotherapeutic regime is a major reason nowadays for failure of anticancer treatments. Thus, there is always the quest for a molecule which have anti-proliferative activity against drug sensitive as well as drug resistant cancer cell and which do not have toxicity for normal body cells. Herbs and spices have been the important part of life since the beginning of civilization. …show more content…
Black pepper very famous spices could be called as king of spices as found on most dinner tables worldwide and is being used for centuries in Ayurveda (D 'Cruz S and Mathur 2005) (Bang, Oh da et al. 2009). Besides this, it has been used as preservative and insecticide (Srinivasan 2007). Piperine is an alkaloid extracted from seeds of Piperaceae family plants, black pepper (3–9 %) and long pepper (3–5 %) which are cultivated on a large scale in India and therefore, readily available (Kumar, Raman et al. 2012). Figure 1: Chemical structures of piperine.
Piperine is also known as (E,E)-1-piperoylpiperidine and (E,E)-1-[5-(1, 3-benzodioxol-5-y1)-1-oxo-2, 4-pentdienyl] piperidine. Piperine is the first and most potent bio-enhancer to this date (Atal and Bedi 2010). It enhances the bioavailability of many drugs by increasing the absorption from the intestine, suppressing the xenobiotics of drug by the body in pulmonary and hepatic tissues via inhibiting CYP3A4 and inhibiting P-glycoprotein (Atal, Dubey et al. 1985; Bhardwaj, Glaeser et al. 2002; Makhov, Golovine et al. 2012). P-glycoprotein is an ATP-dependent efflux transporter that pumps various drug molecules out of the cancer cells (Zhu, Wang et al. 2007) and responsible for multidrug resistance (Ampasavate, Sotanaphun et al. 2010). Piperine have anti-microbial and anti-parasitic (Raay, Medda et al. 1999) suppress the nuclear import and activation of NF-κB (Sun, Wen et al. 2011) have anti-inflammatory (Vaibhav,
It is an enduring woody climbing liana. It is local to India, Indonesia, Malaysia, South America and West Indies but at the same time is generally developed in the tropical areas. Black pepper is a general table sauce used to flavor a wide range of foods around the world. It is dedicated as the 'Ruler of Spices' (Srinivasan, 2007; Mathew et al., 2001). The fiery taste is fundamentally because of the nearness of a compound Piperine. Piperine is an impactful alkaloid (Tripathi et al., 1996) that improves the bioavailability of different basically and remedially assorted medications. (Khajuria et al., 2002). It likewise contains little measures of safrol, pinene, sabinene, limonene, caryophyllene and linaonol compound.
In this case study, we have an eight year old boy who has a malignant tumor. The young man was treated at a city hospital, but the treatment failed him. The physician recommended that he undergoes a surgical procedure, but his family is very religious and they believe in the power of prayer, they are also fearful of the procedure going wrong. The family then refuses the surgery. The surgeon stresses that the surgery is the best option for the little boy if they want him to live, so the hospital is thinking about going over the family’s head and getting a court order approved so they may do surgery and save the boy’s life.
Cancer has become an epidemic across America. About 13 million Americans have cancer and a little over 1 million are diagnosed every year. For years Oncologist have been looking for treatments to cure this horrible disease(American Cancer Society, 2013). Chemistry has such a major impact on the research of cancer. The chemistry within Oncology & Cancer Research has greatly increased our knowledge and capabilities for developing new treatments or actually finding a significant cure (American Cancer Society,2013). This paper is explaining how chemistry is used to seek out cancer cells, treat, and also inform how the different chemicals are affecting our body.
studied mice that were growing 48 different kinds of human cancers and treated them with the 12
Receiving a potentially life-threatening diagnosis, such as cancer, has the potential to be an extremely stressful event and may have long-term effects. Depending on the diagnosis, many cancer patients may experience long-lasting, or chronic stress due to a variety of factors including receiving treatment, experiencing symptoms and side effects of treatment, waiting for test results, and learning that the cancer has recurred. Patients with cancer often report cancer-related posttraumatic stress (National Cancer Institute, 2012). According to the National Cancer Institute, patients who report cancer-related posttraumatic stress often experience repeated frightening thoughts, trouble sleeping, feeling detached from reality, fear, and helplessness (2012). Unfortunately, this stress negatively impacts immune functioning and can lead to tumor progression and metastasis (Hassan et al., 2013). If a cancer diagnosis is stressful, and evidence supports a negative impact of stress on cancer prognosis and recovery, then reducing the stress experienced by cancer patients will lead to better outcomes. Previous research identified social support as a major predictor of reduced stress levels in individuals with cancer (National Cancer Institute, 2012). Social support promotes psychological well-being and posttraumatic growth, a sharp contrast to posttraumatic stress. Posttraumatic growth is defined as the positive psychological change experienced after a highly challenging
Piperine is a white crystalline alkaloid and the chief active constituent of black pepper. This enigmatic compound, first discovered in 1819, is responsible for black peppers pungent odour and distinctive taste.
There are hundreds of types of cancers that are known of; anyone can get any kind of cancer. Cancer is an illness in where cells multiply nonstop. This multiplication of cells may lead to death (Insel and Roth 279). Ewing 's Sarcoma is a cancer that occurs in the bones which usually happens to younger people, but can still affect anyone. Tumors- an unusual growth in the body that can be cancerous- form on the bone. This is one of the most common bone cancers; however, not the most common cancer overall. It can occur in any bones in the human body- arms, legs, the spinal cord, chest bones. This cancer is no hereditary; it does not occur while in the womb and it is detectable after birth. Again, it usually affects children and teens but not when they are born (WebMD). A mutation on the twenty-second and eleventh chromosomes occurs; the genes on these chromosomes fuse together causing a mutation. This, again, is not hereditary. This cancer can be diagnosed through a physical examination- to check any prominent symptoms, blood test- to check the blood cell count, x-rays, or a biopsy. Testing for changes in the actual DNA makeup are also done to be sure that the cancer is present (Genetics Home Reference). This cancer usually happens more to white people than African American people, or any Pacific Islander. The risk factors are not exact but children ten or older and teenagers usually are most likely to get Ewing’s Sarcoma. Furthermore, this cancer is more prominent in males
Pristimerin has showed various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimalarial, and as insecticidal agents [12, 13], as well as antitumor activities on a series of human cancer cell lines such as breast and prostate cancer, and multiple myeloma tumors [14-17]. Its antitumor activities associated with targeting various molecular targets on cancer cells, which have been summarized in our review article about pristimerin [18].
HepG2 is a recurrent cell line that contains liver carcinoma cells which are derived from a 15-year-old Caucasian male who had a well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2 n.d.).
Cancer seems to be tightening its grip in India & worldwide. Recently, an estimated new cancer cases were recorded to be 14.1 million & cancer deaths were of 8.2 million in the world, of which nearly 7,00,000 were recorded in India alone, according to “The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the specialized cancer agency of the World Health Organization, Lyon.
Throughout my experience with cancer I have gained a little more knowledge than I had before I was diagnosed with this nasty disease. This paper gives me the chance to explain some of the causes and effects that cancer has on those afflicted with the disease and those who are constantly around them. I am glad to be the one writing this paper. I believe that if people read more papers like this one that there would not be as much tormenting or misunderstanding of what people with cancer actually have to go through. Some of the effects that cancer has are not only on the patient, but also on the family and friends that are near and far. There are so many causes and effects for the many types of cancer I can only touch trying to be able to explain them. So I am going to explain what I know about lung, brain, and breast cancer to the best of my ability because most people do not know much about cancer since most have not had the personal experience.
Throughout my experience with cancer, I have gained a little more knowledge than I had before I was diagnosed with this nasty disease. This paper gives me the chance to explain some of the causes and effects that cancer has on those afflicted with the disease and those who are constantly around them. I am glad to be the one writing this paper. I believe that if people read more papers like this one that there would not be as much tormenting or misunderstanding of what people with cancer actually have to go through. Some of the effects that cancer has are not only on the patient but also on the family and friends that are near and far. There are so many causes and effects of the many types of cancer I can only touch trying to be able to explain them. So I am going to explain what I know about lung, brain, and breast cancer to the best of my ability because most people do not know much about cancer since most have not had the personal experience.
Active component isolated from Piper betle leaves (PBL) can acts as an additive to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and enhance the cytotoxicity effect of anticancer drug for colon cancer.
The major goal in the development of anticancer drugs is improving the therapeutic activity and selectivity. Plant-derived agents act by modulating various signaling pathways in cancer cells. Some of the
All over the world, more than 80, 000 species of plants are used for medicinal use. Herbal drugs are derived either from whole plant or from different organs of the plants (Trivedi 2010). For instance, leaves, roots, stems, flowers, bark, seed, fruits, rhizomes, etc. Medicinal plants consist of whole extracts of the plant parts which contains abundance of active molecules. The total sales of the herbal products in the western countries were estimated to be around 1.6 billion US dollar (Aronson 2009).