Cholangiocarcinoma Case Study

This year, an estimate of 53,070 adults, have been or will be diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. (27,670 men and 25,400 women). Pancreatic cancer is the ninth most common cancer in women. Pancreatic cancer should have the most attention because doctors still don’t know how to diagnose this type of cancer yet. The main problem is cost-effective screening tests that easily and reliably find early-stages of pancreatic cancer in people, sometimes show no symptoms.Often “times it is” not found until later stages when the cancer can no longer be surgically removed and has spread from the pancreas to other parts of the body. ("Pancreatic Cancer: Statistics", 2017)

The M category tells whether there are distant metastases (spread of cancer to other parts of body).

In order to determine which stage of cancer you have there are a few different tests given. A CT scan and an MRI let the doctors see your internal organs, including your pancreas. An endoscopic ultrasound uses an ultrasound device take pictures of your pancreas from inside your abdomen. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography also known as an ERCP uses a dye to highlight the bile ducts of your pancreas. An XRAY is taken of the ducts and cell samples are collected, otherwise known as a biopsy.

The MD Anderson Liver Tumor biospecimen resource has been invaluable for a large number of studies or clinical development. The sixth and subsequent editions of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging of hepatocellular cancer, which was developed by an international consortium led by Jean-Nicolas Vauthey, MD, Professor of Surgery at MD Anderson and co-leader on project 2 of the SPORE, was based upon pathologic review of resected specimens in the Liver Tumor Bank (Vauthey JN J Clin Oncol 2002 20:1527-36). In addition, investigators at MD Anderson examined tissues in the Liver Tumor Bank to elucidate the prognostic significance of the ribonucleoprotein Human Antigen R (HuR) showing that patients with high HuR tumor expression had

Abdominal ultrasound is sometimes used for quick and cheap first examinations. If there is uncertainty about the diagnosis they may do a biopsy by fine needle aspiration. Pancreatic cancer is usually staged after a ct scan is done. The staging system is four stages,from early to advanced and based on TNM classification.TNM stands for Tumor size, spread to lymph nodes,and metastasis. Based on if surgical removal seems possible,the tumors are divided into three broader categories to help decide treatment. Tumors are resectable, borderline resectable or undetectable. If the disease is still in an early stage(stage 1 or 2) surgical resection of the tumor can be performed. Stage 3 tumors can be borderline resectable where surgery can technically still be done or unresectable where its to locally advanced. Stage 1 cancer is only found in the pancreas. Stage 1 is divided into a and b stages based on tumor size. Stage 1a is when the tumor is no bigger than 2 cm. Stage 1b is when the tumor is bigger than 2 cm. The second stage is when the cancer could have spread to nearby tissue and organs, and may have also spread to the lymph nodes near the

Further study demonstrated that the patients with higher expression levels of PTMA/PTMS have shorter average survival period, suggesting that the expression levels of PTMA/PTMS were closely associated with tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and prognosis in the patients with SC/ASC and AC of the gallbladder. These evidences indicated that PTMA/PTMS may be the potential independent prognostic factors for the treatments of SC/ASC and AC of the

Diagnosis: creating pictures of the Gallbladder- recommend an abdominal ultrasound and/or a (CT) computerized tomography scan to produce pictures of your gallbladder. These images are then analyzed for the signs of gallstones.

The largest diameter of targeted lesion was measured with ultrasound, CT or MRI. We defined depth of the lesion as the amount of liver parenchyma, which was traversed to the targeted liver lesion. The lesion depth was measured with ultrasound before the procedure, for selected the proper length of the biopsy

Patients were randomly assigned to either EPLBD group or ES group after confirming the presence of large bile duct stones during the initial ERCP. The simple randomization was conducted by means of random number created in Microsoft Office Excel 2007. The endoscopists were blinded before confirming CBD stones during the initial ERCP. If biliary cannulation failed or precut was done during the initial ERCP, the patients were excluded.

Ultrasonography (US): Generally, typical hepatic hemangiomas are homogeneous hyperechoic masses with well-defined margins and posterior acoustic enhancement at US examination. In 10% of cases, the lesion may be seen as a hypoechoic lesion due to the presence of an underlying

This report will discuss how esophageal cancer affects the esophagus. I will discuss how the cancer affects the normal operation of the esophagus, what causes esophageal cancer, how the cancer can be detected and how this cancer can be treated, I will conclude with a discussion of how common esophageal cancer is.

Several studies have been done for detecting malignant biliary strictures .For example, osteopontin was the most consistently overexpressed gene in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (Hass et al. ,2008).

Liver cancer usually does not have any symptoms in its early stages and can be difficult to detect. Nevertheless, liver cancer can be detected by imaging tests. Some of the tests used to diagnose liver cancer are Ultrasound, Computed tomography (CT scan), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI scan), Biopsy and Laparoscopy. Ultrasound uses high frequency sound waves to generate a picture of the body and is used to show any abnormal growths in the liver. The CT scan is an x-ray test that produces detailed images of the body. This test can be very useful in precisely identifying liver tumors. The MRI also creates detailed images, but uses radio waves and

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is relatively a common malignancy worldwide. Patients with HCC may present with various types of paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS). Thrombocytosis is one of these PNS which is attributed to thrombopoeitin production by neoplastic liver cells. In most occasionas presence of thrombocytosis is indicative of a more advanced disease with worse prognosis. Below we present a case of a 64 years old male with medical history of chronic hepatitis C infection, liver cirrhosis and HCC who was found to have thrombocytosis (Plt 448 K/ccm) in his blood work.

Tumors are one of the most feared diseases of our time. Many people upon hearing the word “tumor” immediately resonate to the conclusion of it being cancer, which is not necessarily true. Tumors fall into to two main types, benign and malignant. Although they are considerably different in tissue invasion, their nature that makes them distinct and symptoms, they are also quite similar in the way they recur in the same location, growth size and their health risks.