Comparing the digestive systems of a Carnivore, a hind gut fermenter and a ruminant In this report, I will be explaining the efficiency of the different digestive systems, the pros and cons of each digestive system, how all the food is broken down and how each digestive system is suitable for the type of animal. All of the digestive systems start with the mouth where the food enters first. The teeth in a carnivore’s mouth are designed to eat meat so they have evolved to have sharp and strong teeth, this makes it easy to rip and tear meat from bones of prey. This makes the carnivore more efficient at killing live prey than hindgut fermenters and ruminants. Hindgut fermenters teeth are designed to eat grains and grasses, for example a …show more content…
These parts evolved over time to suit the animal’s needs. For example, some ruminant’s lips are designed to be relatively immobile and use its tongue to grasp a clump of grass and then bite it off. Similarly, a hindgut fermenter uses its tongue to help grasp onto the plant and then uses its teeth and mouth to rip it out of the ground to eat. However, a carnivore’s food spends little time in the mouth so its lips and tongue isn’t used as much as the ruminants or hind gut fermenters. Before the food goes down the oesophagus, saliva in the animal’s mouth is used to help the food break down quicker and it’s used to moisten the food so it goes down the oesophagus better. As the animals were evolving, a ruminant’s saliva started to produce large amounts of alkaline saliva, which contains a little amylase to help break down starch, this is helpful for the ruminants as it can help break down their food a lot quicker in the mouth, whereas true carnivores do not have any digestive enzymes (amylase) in their saliva as they have a diet consisting of protein which amylase won’t break down. So this means the ruminant is more efficient at digesting starch than a carnivore as amylase is found in the saliva on non-ruminant herbivores and, to a lesser extent, carnivores as well. All animals of all digestive systems have an oesophagus. The oesophagus is a tube,
The digestive system absorbs the minerals and nutrients from the foods that have been eaten. The break down of food beings in the mouth, where the
Explain the physiology the cardiovascular and the digestive system in the body in relation to energy metabolism in the body. Discuss the role of energy in the body and analyse how those two body systems interrelate to perform a named functions. For distinction analyse
4. Herbivorous mammals tend to have extremely long digestive systems, especially the intestines; omnivores have intermediate length intestines; and carnivores have extremely short intestines. What might be a logical explanation for this pattern?
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The above explanation of digestion occurs in a ‘normal’ functioning body. There are several dilemmas involving digestion that the human body may encounter with progressed age, disease, or improper mechanics, such as lack of teeth. A major threat involving a decrease in digestion ability is malnutrition. Malnutrition does not simply refer to not eating, but also encompasses insufficient absorbance of nutrients once food has been eaten. There is a wide array of factors that may lead to malnutrition in an individual. Mechanically, the lack of teeth is a simple but yet common reason of decreased nutrition intake. Though salivary glands are stimulated upon the introduction of food to the mouth, a person with no teeth tends to avoid the more strenuous foods to chew, such as meats, carrots, lettuce, and nuts, and become partial to a lot of soft foods like potatoes and eggs, which may not necessarily be the most nutritious or balanced. Individuals with gum disease may have all their teeth, but it can become sore for them to chew their meals and, as a result, the eating dwindles. Jaw injuries or surgeries can cause discomfort and may temporarily hinder proper
The digestive system of a pig is classified as monogastric or non-ruminant, which is having a stomach with only a single compartment, like humans. In addition, the digestive tract of the pig has five main parts, including the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Furthermore, the mechanical breakdown of the food begins upon the entrance of the mouth in the digestive tract. Basically, the food is grinded into smaller pieces by its teeth. Next, saliva is produced in the mouth, acting to moisten the small food particles, along with an enzyme that starts the digestion of the starch. Then, the food is pushed towards the esophagus with the help of the tongue. Primarily, the esophagus carries the food from the mouth to the stomach, being a tube, which is carried out with the help of a series of muscle contractions that push the food towards the stomach. Subsequently, after the first of the contractions, swallowing, has taken place, the cardiac valve, located at the end of the esophagus, prevents food from passing from the stomach back to the esophagus. Likewise, the stomach comes next in the digestive tract; it serves as a reaction chamber, adding chemicals to the food. Also, hydrochloric acid and enzymes help break down food into small particles of carbohydrates, protein, and fats. Additionally, some particles are absorbed into the bloodstream, from the stomach, while others cannot be absorbed by the stomach, being passed to the small intestine through the pyloric valve. Moreover, the small intestine aids
Our mouth, esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, small intestine, rectum, and anus come together to form the digestive system which breaks down our food into simpler molecules. The food enters through the mouth, travels down the esophagus, breaks down in the stomach, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder and then moves through the intestines down to the rectum and anus. A pig’s digestive system is no different than a human’s. A foregut, midgut, hindgut, and a digestive gland form the digestive system of a crayfish. The foregut contains the stomach (partially breaks the food down), the
The digestive system is made up of all different organs which starts at the mouth and finishes at the anus but on the way involves all other organs; these organs help to break down and absorb the food.
Digestion is a complicated process that uses many different processes to digest food efficiently. It is necessary for not only us but for almost every organism. A major part in digestion is pH or how acidic or basic a substance is. pH helps digestion happen, the question is for the Stentor and the Rotifers at what pH ranges does their digestion occur? We will test that by using pH indicators, and observing the digestion happen under the microscope.
1. Oral cavity, pharynx, (must also include accessory organs such as salivary glands, tongue, and teeth)
Trace and discuss the complete movement of a bolus of food entering and exiting the human via the digestive system.
Further back is a set of posterior cheek teeth also capable in shearing and processing food.
The digestive system is very important in digesting food and breaking it down so it can be digested easily. The digestive system turns food into energy. Throughout the process there are nutrients which are absorbed. There are many things that contributed to the digestive system such as the mouth which produces saliva which helps to break down food and nutrients such as carbohydrates with the help of an enzyme called amylase. The major food groups which are called macro nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins and fats. All of these nutrients play an important role in the body. There are also many micro-nutrients which include vitamins and minerals which provide the body with health and well-being. The digestive system is made up of the mouth, which includes the teeth (the teeth are used to cut and grind food into smaller pieces, they contain blood vessels and nerves), tongue (the tongue is a muscle that has a rough surface including the taste buds), salvia glands (they produce salvia which moistens the food to make is easier to digest), the pharynx (this helps the food travel to the stomach, the pharynx also plays an important role in the respiratory system. It also contains 2 different flaps to separate the 2 functions), esophagus (this connects the pharynx to the stomach and transports chewed food to the stomach), stomach (this is a muscle that is
Despite the species or facet of the industry an operation is built to cater too, one of the easiest ways to improve the efficiency of livestock is through feed and nutrient management. Feed efficiency for livestock only becomes more important as farmers are responsible for feeding a growing population. However, in order to do that is important that a manager or owner understands the digestive system of that species and factors that can aid in this system ability to absorb the maximum amount of nutrients. This paper will be focused around different aspects of the ruminant digestive tract, and more specifically two of the smaller ruminant species being sheep and goats. I will explain in detail the 6 essential nutrients and why they are crucial to have in a feed ration, what occurs in each compartment of the stomach, including breakdown of feed, nutrient absorption, and also parasites that can become an issue in
http://kidshealth.org/kid/cancer_center/HTBW/digestive_system.html ( I didnt copy direct quotes, however I had used the idea of the beginning in my research on the digestive system to help the reader better understand the system)