Decision Making : An Integrated Structure Of Events

Employee motivation is, or at least must be, one of the key issues for directors, managers and personnel managers. The leader must be able to find the sensitive strings of his subordinates, which can be motivated by influencing them to achieve high performance. The correct use of motivation encourages staff to make more efficient use of their knowledge, skills, and talents. In today's turbulent, often chaotic environment, commercial success depends on the employee's talent and effort. Despite the many existing theories and practices, some of the motivation of leaders today remains a mystical term. This is partly due to the fact that people are motivated by different things and techniques.

The leader behavior approach is the focus of what people do as a leader or leadership style rather than the characteristics leaders inherit as a leader. It is the assumption that the actions of a person opposed to their innate mental state. Because leaders can learn through teaching and observation; specific behaviors are the focus of a leader. An important study of this theory was conducted by the Ohio State University, and the purpose was to identify common leadership behaviors. The study and research uncovered that there are two linked groups of behavior.

Negotiations and decisions are a part of everyday business. In order to make a successful decision, it is necessary to understand how to make rational and sound decisions. Decisions that are rash, made on snap judgments, and past experiences can prove detrimental to a business. A deficit in basic thinking and decision making is felt at all levels of an organization (Gary, 1997). Decisions can have long term and short term impacts on organizations and their world in which they exist (Turner & Dean, 2008). In order to understand the process of making a sound and good decision, it is necessary to define and understand several decision-making models. These models help to make clear the issues to be addressed and the

There are a number of theories that can be employed by the leaders in different organization. The first theory is the direct leadership theory; this is a type of leadership where leaders are mainly concerned with the productivity, the outcomes, and efficiency. The leaders use the action-and-outcome approach to get the goal achieved. The leader is less concerned in the aspect of creating a rapport between the employees. This theory can work best organization which is global, since the employees do not directly relate with their leader. The second leadership theory is the supportive

Throughout this course, I have learned a lot about leadership from the different leadership theories. One of these leadership theories is the behavioral approach. There are a few things I learned about leadership in regards to the behavioral approach. For example, I learned from this theory that there is not one universal style of leadership that fits every situation. In the past, I would think every leader should use the team management style. Instead, depending on the situation, a leader might need to use authority compliance or use country-club style.

One’s ability can be developed through training, education, and work experience. However, substantial developments in motivation can be obtained fairly quickly. As an effective manager, may achieve a significant increase in your team's performance by improving its motivation and this begins with understanding what motivates people. According to Maslow Hierarchy of needs theory (Robbins & De Cenzo, 2014), there are 5 levels of motivation that a manger should recognize as it relates to what motivates individuals and how people are motived. According to Maslow (2014), lower needs take most priority and they get fulfilled before others get activated. The five pyramids of needs are categories below in figure

The process of decision making can be easily understood as selecting one course of action over other courses actions available. There are also steps that are involved in making decisions. These steps include: (1) pinpointing the problem; (2) identifying the cause; (3) setting objectives; (4) formulating alternative courses of action; (5) evaluating alternatives against organizational objectives; (6) choosing the best course of action; and (7) implementing and evaluating the decision (Holzer and Schwester 2011). Now while these mentioned steps of making decisions seem extensive they are generally how decisions are made. Also in decision making there are numerous amounts of models that emerge and try to explain how all decisions in administrations are made. With decision making comes actors who implement and enforce the results of these decisions. With regards to the topic intended for this essay, the actor is the American administration and their implementation of policies regarding the recent outbreak of Ebola and how these administrators are enforcing policies with respect to the public. This paper specifically will revolve around Graham Allison’s three decision making models in his book Essence of Decision Making: Explaining Cuban Missile Crisis and the way his models analyze the decision making process. Allison’s three different models will give us different lenses to look at and analyze how the American administration is handling the Ebola situation here in the United

The contents and assignment in this course has helped me understand the various theories of leadership and how different leadership styles can have a negative or positive effect on followers and organizations. The leadership theories helped me understand the concept of leadership better because it educates me on the different leadership options that are available. Leadership and followership is not based on specific characteristics. Leaders must draw from things and approaches to find the right style. A follower’s attitude determines the way a leader leads. According to Johnson (2011) “Being a good follower means ensuring your boss is supported, but only if he is making optimum decisions”.

I learned there were many theories on leadership. My view of leadership had many similarities to the Great Man theory view on leadership. The theory basically states that leaders are only born. I also was taught there was five other theories of leadership. There is Trait theory, which is saying only people with certain traits can be a leader. Behavioral theory is similar to Trait theory, but it states that leaders only are people who exhibit specific behaviors. Situational Contingency Theory claims that leaders are only people who meet the needs of specific leadership in a specific situation. There is also Influence theory, which states leaders are people who can only influence people to an idea or desired task. Lastly, is the Reciprocal Leadership theory, this theory claims that everybody is a leader and works together as a leadership group. Learning about these theories helped changed my view on leadership.

In workplace condition, there are numerous dynamics which may affects a manager’s leadership style. The most significant features which will affect the choice of leadership styles or leadership behavior in a workplace condition need to identify.

A perfect marriage may be an illusion although the people involve may be perfect individual in their own right. This situation may arise because the two may be considered as two different captains who have now come together to pilot a ship. Each comes on board with their own ideology and conceptions; as such differences are

The best leaders are those have the adaptability to flex their behavioral style, and choose the right style suitable for each situation. According to this theory, people can learn to become leaders through teaching and observation and certain behavioral patterns may be identified as leadership styles. Advantages of Behavioral Theory of Leadership: Behavioral theory promotes the value of leadership styles with an emphasis on concern for people and collaboration. It promotes participative decision making and team development by supporting individual needs and aligning individual and group objectives. It helps managers evaluate and understand how their behavioral style as a manager affects their relationship with the team and promotes commitment and contribution towards organizational goals. This theory helps managers find the right balance between different styles of leadership, and helps them decide how to behave as a leader, depending on concerns for people and for productivity. Criticism / Arguments against - Behavioral Theory of Leadership: As there were inherent limitations with the Trait approach to leadership, when early researchers ran out of steam in their search for traits, they turned to what leaders did, how they behaved and came with behavioral theory of leadership. This became the dominant way of approaching leadership within organizations in the 1950s and early 1960s but this

The term leadership can be significantly defined as expressed as the overall process through which a respective individual influences and provides the right kind of support to others for the purpose of accomplishing a common objective, goal or task. The leadership theories can be said to the significant assumptions that significantly help in distinguishing the overall characteristics of any respective leader (Timpe, 2007). The leadership theories extensively focus on various specific qualities of a leader which includes knowledge and levels and skills that separates the respective leader from his or her followers. There exists various kinds of leadership theories but amongst them great man theory, trait theory, situational leadership theory,, behavioral leadership theory, contingency leadership theory, transformational leadership theory and transactional leadership theory are considered to be the most significant. The following essay has identified a significant leadership theory that can prove to be significantly meaningful to a respective individual. In addition, the overall essay has explained the overall arguments

We should be aware that the actual value of a right may differ somewhat from its theoretical value because of transactions costs, speculation, and the irregular exercise and sale of rights over the subscription period. However, arbitrage acts to limit the deviation of the actual value from the theoretical value.

This paper discusses on the basic concept of leadership based on trait approach theory. The establishment of relationship between leader and subordinate that focus on real changes and outcomes that reflects through shared purposes is basically leadership. In many aspects, the importance of vital without it families, communities as well as organizations would go down apart. To reach center point of goal, the leader should teach his follower to achieve better fruitful result. For this reason, the leader must be gained some characteristics to influences subordinate. This paper discusses on trait basic leadership theory based on leader qualities. This paper provides a beginning for defining leader and leadership, administrator for discussing trait approach leadership theory.