Experimental Procedures
Independent Variable
An independent variable is the variable that is changed throughout the experiment. The independent variable in this experiment is the temperature of the hydrogen peroxide (water baths) and this is done to consider the reaction completed in a range of different temperatures (10˚C, 20˚C, 30˚C, 40˚C and 50˚C).
Dependent Variable
A dependent variable is the variable that is measured throughout the experiment. The dependent variable in this experiment is the measurement of froth over 20 seconds and the rate of reaction.
Constant Variables
The size of the liver cubes
The amount of hydrogen peroxide solution
The concentration of hydrogen peroxide and detergent solution
The length of time the test tubes
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Each of the cut 5 x 1cm3 livers were placed into the test tubes labelled 6-10.
The five water baths were prepared in the 250ml beakers, using the ice and boiling water to get the temperature as followed:
Beaker A was filled with half warm water and half ice so the temperature was at 10˚C
Beaker B was filled with warm water so the temperature was at 20˚C
Beaker C was filled with warm water so the temperature was at 30˚C
Beaker D was filled with warm water so the temperature was at 40˚C
Beaker E was filled with warm water so the temperature was at 50˚C
Test tubes 1 and 6 were placed in the 10˚C water bath, test tubes 2 and 7 in the 20˚C water bath, test tubes 3 and 8 in the 30˚C water bath, test tubes 4 and 9 in the 40˚C water bath and test tubes 5 and 10 in the 50˚C water bath.
The test tubes were left in the water baths for 10 minutes. This was done two at a time.
Once the 10 minutes was up both the liver and the hydrogen peroxide and detergent solution were poured into the 250ml beaker.
After 20 seconds, the height of the froth was measured, in mL, and recorded
Diagram of Apparatus
Figure 2. Photograph of the liver and
water during the equilibration period of 10 minutes. Vials 1,2, and 3 should be in the bath containing water at
There are several parts to the experiment such as both the independent and dependent variables. The independent variable is controlled or changed during the experiment to test the effects on the dependent variable. The dependent variable is tested and measured during the test .A controlled variable is an example for an independent variable would be variable that is held constant throughout the experiment. An example is a theory that could extend a person’s life expectancy. The independent variable is the amount of vitamin given to the subject within the experiment. The dependent variable is the life span
3. We poured tube 1 with the solution in tube 3 to combine them. We repeated this for all of the tubes. Each of the tubes in step 1 was mixed with a tube in step 3, making there be 6 total test tubes with a solution in it.
We first started this experiment by obtaining twelve 15ml test tubes, in which we placed in a rack and labeled each with what
The independent variable for the experiment was the paper towels. The dependent variable was the absorbency and strength. The constants for the experiment were the size of the paper towels that were used, the amount of water, the size of the beaker, the size of the cylinder and the amount of the weight.
tube was placed inside, then another test tube with an equal amount of substance would be placed
The independent variable of this experiment are the environmental factors that you are testing on the rate of transpiration, so our independent variables would be bright light, fan, dark, and misted. The dependent variable is the rate of transportation because this depends on whatever environmental factor the plant is placed. The constants were things like the type of plant we used, the room temperature, the type of scale we used and how far the fan/light was placed from the plant.
The vials were placed in the water and the oxygen levels were read every 5 minutes until 30 minutes was reached. As the oxygen levels were collected they were put into a table that had all three tubes labeled at each 5-minute increment. After 30 minutes the experiment was completed and the clean up process could begin.
Using a thermometer we observed the measurement of the water “H2O” in the beaker, and it resulted in an initial temperature of 20 ⁰ C.
The dependent variable refers to the status of the 'effect '(or outcome) in which the researcher is interested; the independent variable refers to the status of the presumed 'cause, ' changes in which lead to changes in the status of the dependent variable…any event or condition can be conceptualized as either an independent or a dependent variable. (Rosenthal & Rosnow, 1991).
14. The experiment was repeated with each water temperature until all tests had been conclusively completed.
Place the beaker on the hot plate, place the thermometer in the beaker and set the hot plate to 5oC.
The independent variable is sugar concentration. This will be changed by using solutions with different amounts of sugar (2%, 6%, 10%).
Half of each tube’s contents are poured into a new test tube each respectively after the tubes are incubated for 1 hour. One set of tubes is tested for:
Variables: In this experiment, the temperature (in degrees Celsius) of the chemicals is the independent variable. To change the temperature, the materials are placed in a bath of water being heated by a hotplate.