Detection of Biological Molecules
Introduction: Without carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, sulfur, oxygen and phosphorus, life wouldn't exist. These are the most abundant elements in living organisms.
These elements are held together by covalent bonds, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and disulfide bonds. Covalent bonds are especially strong, thus, are present in monomers, the building blocks of life. These monomers combine to make polymers, which is a long chain of monomers strung together. Biological molecules can be distinguished by their functional groups. For example, an amino group is present in amino acids, and a carboxyl group can always be found in fatty acids.
The groups can be separated into two more categories, the polar, hydrophilic,
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Label test tubes #1-#5. 2. Used 5 different barrel pipettes, added onion juice up to the 1 cm mark of the first
test tube, potato juice to the 1 cm mark of the second, deionized water up to the 1
cm mark of the third, glucose solution to the 1 cm mark of the fourth, and the
starch solution to the 1 cm mark of the fifth test tube. 3. Used the last barrel pipette, added Benedict's Reagent to the 3 cm mark of all 5
test tubes and mix with a toothpick. 4. Heated all 5 tubes for 3 minutes in a boiling water bath, using a beaker, water, and
a hot plate. 5. Removed the tubes using tongs. Recorded colors on the following table. 6. Cleaned out the 5 test tubes with deionized water. Data:
Benedict's Test Results
Discussion: From the results, the Benedict's test was successful. Onion juice contains glucose, and of course, glucose would test positive. Starch doesn't have a free aldehyde group, and neither does potato juice,
1. Record your hypothesis about what will happen when Biuret solution is mixed with the solutions from test tubes 1, 2, 3, and 4 here. Be sure to use scientific reasoning to support your hypothesis.
6. What results would you expect if the experiment started with glucose and Lugol’s Solution
of sugar to 25ml of water and dissolve it. When we have the water at
By examining the filtration results, we can predict that the molecular weight of glucose must be
The purpose of this lab was to identify an unknown bacteria culture using differential tests. The identification of the unknown culture was accomplished by identifying the bacteria based on its specific metabolic characteristics and morphology. It is suggested that culture 11 is a sample of Enterobacter aerogenes.
Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is to observe chemical changes in common consumer products to determine if the chemicals are basic, acidic, or remain neutral when mixed with other chemicals.
Observe: Wait until the numbers are not changing very much. What do you notice about the solute concentrations inside and outside of the cell? _______________________________
From cases such as OJ Simpson to Chandra Levy, DNA profiling also called DNA fingerprinting or DNA typing has played a major role in the criminal justice system. The law enforcement community uses DNA profiling to rule out or identify suspects. Unlike hair microscopy, bite mark comparisons, shoe print comparisons, and firearm tool mark analysis, DNA typing has been developed through massive scientific research and has undergone meticulous scientific evaluation (Innocence Project). DNA is a foolproof method of identifying a perpetrator of a crime.
Discoveries in DNA, cell biology, evolution, biotechnology have been among the major achievements in biology over the past 200 years with accelerated discoveries and insights over the last 50 years. Consider the progress we have made in these areas of human knowledge. Present at least three of the discoveries you find to be most important and describe their significance to society, health, and the culture of modern life.
3. State the name and structure of the functional group for each type of biologically
1. Describe the function of the following pieces of safety equipment and how each might be used: (10 points)
Hydrogens, alkyls, or aryls bonded to carboxyl groups—made up of a carbonyl group and a hydroxyl group—are known as carboxylic acids. Derivatives of carboxylic acids include acid chlorides, esters, anhydrides, amides, and generally nitriles. These derivatives are formed by the replacement of the hydroxyl group with a different electronegative heteroatom substituent, which can be a single atom, such as a chlorine atom, or a group of atoms, such as in the formation of
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This section will dealt with the main organic molecules in living things: carbohydrates, fats ( lipids ), proteins and nucleic acids.
In part II of the lab six small glass tubes were obtained in a test tube rack. Ten drops of distilled water were then added to test tube 1, five drops to tubes 2-4, and no drops in tubes 5 and 6. Five drops of 0.1M HCl were added to test tube 5 and five drops of 0.1M NaOH to test tube 6. Five drops of enzyme were then added to all tubes except tube 1. Tube 3 was then placed in the ice bucket and tube 4 was placed in the hot bucket at 80-900C for five minutes, the remaining tubes were left in the test tube rack. After the five minutes five drops of 1% starch was added to every tube and left to sit for ten minutes. After ten minutes five drops of DNSA were then added to all the tubes. All the tubes were then taken and placed in the