Determination of enthalpy change of combustion for alcohols
Abstract
This report will explore the energy release (or enthalpy change) when four different alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol) were burned. When these alcohols are burned, the chemical energy in their bonds is transferred into kinetic and thermal energy by heating water in a beaker. The rise in temperature of the water allows us to calculate the enthalpy change when each alcohol is burned in KJ mol-1.
Introduction
Energy is defined as the ability to do work and is measured in joules (J). It cannot be created or destroyed but can be transferred between objects and transformed from one form to another. There are many types of energy:
• Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its movement. The amount of energy depends on the objects mass and speed. Some examples of objects with kinetic energy are bullets from a gun or a moving car. To work out the kinetic energy of a moving object the following equation is used: Kinetic energy = 1/2 (mass x velocity2)
• Potential energy is the energy stored in an object as a result of its position. There are two types of potential energy: gravitational and elastic. Gravitational potential energy is energy stored as a result of an objects vertical position. An object above the earth’s surface has gravitational potential energy for example a bird or a plane. The amount of gravitational energy an object has depends on the weight and height of the
Energy is a system’s “ability to do work.”(Elert) The unit for energy is joules. Some other characteristics of energy are that it takes numerous forms and that it is a scalar quantity.(Elert) The two types of energy are kinetic energy and potential energy. Kinetic energy refers to an object’s motion. This differs
That is called Kinetic Energy. Kinetic energy is energy that is stored and used by any moving object. When an object is using kinetic energy, it creates another form of energy called Gravitational Potential Energy. This is energy that is stored in an object, it is also the energy of a particle acquired from position, or condition, rather than motion. Things that have potential energy are a raised weight, coiled spring, a charged battery or even food etc, energy causes change within systems. The dictionary meaning is ‘the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position relative to others, electric charge, electric charge, and other factors’. Elastic potential energy is the potential in which when you pull something such as an elastic band, and the further you pull and stretch the item, the more Elastic potential it possesses upon release of the object.
If 1-Octanol, Ethanol and 1-Hexanol are combusted with air to heat up water then Octanol will produce the greatest heat of combustion (the largest change in enthalpy using q=mc∆T). This is because Octanol has the longest carbon chain and therefore more energy required to break the bonds equals more energy being produced when bonds are made.
Energy is the strength and ability that is required in order to perform physical or mental activities. There are different forms of energy these consist of: magnetic, kinetic, heat, light, gravitational, chemical, sound, electrical, elastic and nuclear.
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. The difference between kinetic energy and potential energy is the kinetic energy is the energy of an object that is already in
I watt-I joule/sec. most useful kinds of energy=chemical and potential. One calor is the enrgy it takes to raise one kg of water by one degree Celsius. 4k joules=calories. Solar cells- crystals that convert sunlight directly into electricity. K energy depends on sq of v. double speed=kinetic energy increased by factor of 4.. temp is a measure of hidden kinetic energy.
Potential Energy:Potential energy is the energy that exists in a body as a result of its position or condition rather than of its motion. (http://storyphysics.weebly.com). to get potential energy we needed to multiply mass 0.1376 kg times gravity 9.81 times 5 meters, having a final result of 6.74 Joules. To know potential energy its important to know the energy of the object before the falling. Work: work can be defined as the as the integral of the force over a distance of displacement.
There are a few different kinds a energy and they are kinetic energy, potential energy, gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, chemical potential energy and Mechanical Energy. Kinetic Energy is due to motion and mass. Ex.Kinetic energy is like rolling a bowling ball down the lane and it hitting the pins.Potential Energy is energy that is stored in interactions between an object or particles. Ex.Potential energy is like holding a book in the air and just letting go and let the gravity pull it to the ground. Gravitational Potential Energy is just potential energy that is stored between an object and Earth. Ex.Gravitational Potential energy is like holding a book above the ground and not letting go at all. Elastic Potential Energy is energy that is stored in an object that is compressed or stretched.Ex.Elastic Potential energy is like stretching a rubber band and letting go and letting it fly. Chemical Potential
Energy, simply put, is the ability to work, move, and function. It is the force that causes things to happen as they do, such as an apple falling from a tree, or allowing movement in the human body(Energy- What Is It?, 1994). Energy is a very general term, and can therefore be sorted into many branches of fields; such as chemical energy, nuclear energy, or solar energy. However, the main two types of the force are called potential energy, and kinetic energy(Energy- What Is It?, 1994). Kinetic energy requires movement, while potential energy is stored within an object. In contrast to popular belief, energy is not a substance or object; rather, it refers to the state or condition of a substance/object(What Is Energy?, n.d.). Almost everything, if not everything, in the world possess some form of energy. For example, an average human participating in a race would hold kinetic energy, due to his/her’s mass and speed in relation to the ground. A pencil held in the hand of a young boy would hold potential energy, because of it’s condition of being able to fall when dropped. However, although energy is used many times each day, the used energy is never destroyed or used-up. This is because when energy is used, it is conserved in a way that allows energy molecules to be passed from one form to another; never being destroyed or created once more(What Is
Energy can come in many types, this includes kinetic, earth/life, potential, mechanical, thermal, chemical and electrical energy, all of which are displayed in our scene. In order to depict kinetic energy, we showed the actors swinging on the wire, which shows motion. Potential energy is displayed by the books on the shelf, they are not moving, but if they were pushed then gravity will accelerate the book giving it kinetic energy, and this is why a book at the top of the shelf has more energy than one at the bottom. Thermal energy takes place in the candle where the flame gives off heat. Chemical energy can be seen in the plant, which is going through the chemical process of photosynthesis, it is also seen as the audience memeber
All of these require energy, and energy is what physics is all about. There is kinetic energy, potential energy, conservation of energy, velocity, acceleration, mass, force, and gravity. Energy gives you the ability to do work. Energy is everywhere in nature
When work is being done it is considered kinetic energy. For example: When you do a kip on bars, during the glide you pull your toes to the bar instead of muscling up, once you start to come to front position, you must push down on the bar, in order to arrive at the bar in front position. These are examples of push and pull force we use in everyday life. Whether it is opening a door, or pushing a stroller our lives consist of force, and kinetic energy.
These are some energy 's / material that you have to know to get also including that you need a ramp books and some sort of object.There are many different types of energy one energy that is most know is kinetic energy and that is ( energy do to movement). For example if there is a bowling ball hitting pins and knocking them over. The second energy that is most known about is potential energy which is (Stored energy due to the interactions of objects or particles). Also another energy to talk about is gravitational energy which is ( Stored energy between a object when close to earth-hight -weight.).
Moreover, the first type of energy that humans use is potential energy. Similarly, Potential Energy is the energy that is due to the position or composition of an object. Everything in this universe has potential energy because an object can be at rest, not moving, and still its composition has the potential to have energy stored inside the object to be converted. For example, potential energy in a position manner is how an object is a certain height above the ground. In the instance, of a building, the building’s height multiplied by the force of gravity exerted on the object defines the potential energy of the object to be converted. Another
Other types of energy lie between kinetic and potential energy or are an amalgamation of both types.