Diabetes Mellitus : Long Term Damage

Type 1 is characterized by the body’s inability to produce insulin. It is caused by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which are responsible for producing insulin. There appears to be a hereditary link in people with Type 1 diabetes. Other factors have been known to cause Type 1 diabetes such as viral infections, toxins, and other environmental factors. Type 1 diabetes is the rare form, affecting about 10% of the diabetes population. Its onset usually occurs in people less than the age of 20.

There are many diseases which can be named as Long term conditions. I would like to point out some of the Long term conditions which cannot be cured such as Heart disease, Asthma. , Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Dementia and Diabetes.

There are two types of diabetes, diabetes type 1 and diabetes type 2. Diabetes type 1 is a genetic disease where the pancreas does not produce insulin. Because the pancreas cannot produce insulin, glucose (sugar) cannot power the cells, since it needs the hormone insulin to do so (Boaz 2002). The high glucose in the blood can lead to

Most people's bodies with type 1 diabetes mistakenly destroy the insulin producing cell called islet which are located in the Pancreas. Instead, their bodies should be fighting harmful bacteria and viruses. Genetics may play a role in type 1 diabetes. If family members have type 1 diabetes, the chances of you getting the disease increases. Exposure to certain environmental factors is another predisposing factor, such as being exposed to viruses.

Type 1 diabetes, also referred to as Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) or Juvenile Diabetes, can be caused by a genetic disorder. It can occur at any age, but it is most often diagnosed in children, adolescents, or young adults around 20 years old or before a person is 30 years of age. Insulin is a hormone produced by special cells, called the beta cells, in the pancreas, an organ located in the area behind the stomach. Insulin is needed to move blood sugar (glucose) into cells, where it is stored and later used for energy. In type 1 diabetes, these cells produce little or no insulin. Without enough insulin, glucose builds up in the bloodstream instead of going into the cells. The body is unable to

The overwhelming majority of diabetes sufferers have Type 2 diabetes, usually caused by obesity. Non-insulin dependent diabetes has a genetic predisposition and has a peak age onset between 50-60 years of age. In Type 2 diabetes, the body is not able to utilize insulin properly because of insulin resistance. Type 2 diabetes can be controlled with diet, exercise, and medications when necessary. An approach to adopting a healthy lifestyle as a treatment for this disease is encouraged in both types.

A Type 1 diabetics body is not able to store and use glucose as an energy source as effective as a person 's body that does not have diabetes. This type of diabetes can occur in anyone at any age, but mainly takes place in children or young adults (typically before the age of 30). Type 1 is not an inherited disease, immediate family history does not have an effect on ones chance of getting diabetes, although there is some genetic factor. Viruses that have damaged the pancreas could make someone who is already prone to the disease of diabetes, more susceptible of getting it. The virus does this by destroying insulin producing cells in the body 's immune system and this could play an innovative role. Some risk factors for Type 1 accommodate autoimmune disease, viral infections, and a distant family history of diabetes since it is hereditary. The symptoms with Type 1 Diabetes are usually more severe, and develop more rapidly. These symptoms include: increased thirst, frequent urination, hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, and weight loss. Once diagnosed with the disease, it is important that it is taken care of immediately to help stabilize the metabolism and eradicate any symptoms of high blood-glucose. Type 1 diabetics are required to take insulin injections through the skin with syringes or by an infusion pump. This is just merely one of the types of diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune dysfunction characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from lack of insulin, lack of insulin resistance, or both with the involvement of destruction of cells known as beta cells, which produce insulin in the organ called pancreas. The pathophysiology behind this metabolic disorder is that there are two types of diabetes mellitus, Type 1 and Type 2 and are two very distinct entities. For those who predispose to Type 1 diabetes, a triggering event, possibly a viral infection which will lead to a production of autoantibodies therefore, killing the beta cells which will decline in and an ultimate lack of insulin secretion. Insulin deficiency will then occur, when a great amount of beta cells are destroyed leading to the sign of hyperglycemia, enhanced lipolysis, and protein catabolism. Having its juvenile onset it is insulin dependent. Making the pancreas secrete little or no insulin . Replacing it with synthetic insulins such as rapid acting, regular, intermediate, and long acting insulin to counteract.

The first type is Type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), which accounts for around 5 – 10 % of all the patients diagnosed with diabetes and it is an auto-immune disease that is characterised by the progressive destruction of β cells which eventually leads to nearly complete insulin deficiency. T1DM is also called insulin dependent diabetes or juvenile-onset diabetes, being more often seen in children or young populations (Imkampe and Gulliford, 2011). 80 – 90 % of the population that is being diagnosed with T1DM are noted to also have some of the following anti-bodies raised: glutamic acid decarboxylase, tyrosine phosphatases and insulin. They also tend to be more susceptible to develop other types of diseases such as: Addison’s disease, coeliac disease, myasthenia gravis, autoimmune hepatitis (American Diabetes Association, 2014) and they usually are of normal or even low weight. To be noted that obesity does not exclude the diagnosis of

As previously stated, there is Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Due to the differentiation, the etiology of diabetes is divergent. Being insulin-dependent, Type 1 diabetes is brought about by the immune system eradicating beta cells, leading to the deficiency of insulin. In contrast, Type 2 diabetes has a basis that can often times be prevented to an extent (“Causes of Diabetes”, 2014).

Type diabetes is genetic and can possibly be triggered by a viral infection which makes the immune system produce auto antibodies. These antibodies destroy beta cells; the result of this is the ultimate lack of insulin secretion. When a diabetic is experiencing an insulin

There are two main types of diabetes, Type 1 and type 2. Type 1 is where the

The term diabetes mellitus describes a metabolic disorder of multiple aetiology characterised by chronic hyperglycaemia with disturbances of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. The effects of diabetes mellitus include long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs (WHO 1999).

The least common type of diabetes is known as Type 1. “The classic symptoms of diabetes emerge when approximately 90% of the β cells in the islets have been destroyed. Although characteristically such symptoms have a relatively sudden onset, the initiating pathophysiological process leading to the clinical emergence of type 1 diabetes may occur over a prolonged period of time”(Scobie). It affects mostly children and adolescents. It is more commonly known for the

Diabetes Mellitus is “a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is a disease which is caused by the insufficient insulin secretion or decrease in the peripheral effects of insulin. It is a serious problem in terms of morbidity and mortality. The hyperglycemia is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. It’s associated with many complications which includes blindness of the eyes and amputations of the extremities. It is also associated with neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases which lead to mortalities.