1. Introduction:
Equitable distribution of the risk burden must be structured using advanced statistical methods to divide the portfolio into homogenous classes. thus, each insured belongs to a particular class can pay the pure premium Proportional to the risk degree of this class.
Over the last decade, generalized linear model (GLM) was a common statistical tool for a prior classification see; e.g. Dionne and Vanasse (1989), Haberman and Renshaw (1996),
Pinquet (1999), Bermúdez et al. (2001) and Boucher and Denuit
(2006). The merits of this model are twofold. Firstly , the random deviations from the mean may have a distribution not normal (kaas et al. 2008). Secondly, the transformed mean of dependent variable may be a linear function of the explanatory variables which determined by the link function.
However, this model have two drawbacks; firstly, It consider the random variables is independent and that may be not fulfilled in case of longitudinal, repeated measurements and spatial data. Secondly, the model is not convenient for unknown nonlinear effect of independent variables because the GLM models consider the independent variables have linear effect . The first shortage can be covered by GLMM models also this models used to superimpose credibility on a GLM setting see; e.g. Klinker (2011) and Antonio (2007). The second shortage can be covered by GAM models that permit us to overcome the linearity assumptions inherent to GLMs.
The spatial models give us
1) Whether the risks that Adair faced were inherent in the activity of rock climbing?
The case study selected for week three centers on a liability and assumption of risk case study. In this case study, Brent Thomas and George Banks are facing liability charges after Ricky Watts sustained a serious injury during hockey practice (Essex, 2016). In this situation, Thomas is the school principal, and Banks is the hockey coach as well as the gym teacher (Essex, 2016). Ricky obtained injuries after improperly blocking the puck (Essex, 2016). This case study was selected because it highlights a situation that will likely be faced by all future school leaders. Sports are popular among students, and there is inherent risk in each sporting event. A school is open to liability if they do not ensure that proper protocols are met.
An assisted fall is when a staff member witnesses a patient's fall and attempts to minimize the impact of descend. Many patient falls occurring during hospital encounters may cause little or no harm but some can result in serious and even possibly life-threatening consequences for many patients such as hip fractures and head trauma. Even when a fall does not lead to death, it can require prolonged hospitalization. Some could suffer disability, loss of function, and lose their independence or premature death. “Patient falls in hospitals are a common and often preventable adverse event. Nurses routinely conduct fall risk assessment on all patients, but communication of fall risk status and tailored interventions to prevent falls is variable at best.” (Hurley,
Safety checks should be carried out to eliminate the risk of putting the safety of people attending a sporting event at risk.
Do you want to have fun this summer without being in danger? You're going to learn 6 summer hazards and how to avoid them! There are a lot of hazards in summer, like Rip currents, swimming with germs, and shark attacks! A few more are heat strokes, zika viruses, and tick bites. All these hazards are scary, but there are easy ways to overcome them.
The issue of risk scenario carries immense importance for most of the hospitals that are part of the healthcare setting. However, there is not only one scenario that can affect the hospitals but
Different techniques of model selection were then utilised to determine the most parsimonious model that explains our response variable. This included Forward Elimination, Backward Elimination, Step-wise Regression and Best Subset Method to name a few. Throughout the model selection process we observed the effects of outliers and influential points on our data, using the Standardised Residuals, Leverage, Cook’s D Distance and DFITS. A closer examination of these factors led to making necessary adjustments to achieve our final reduced model.
Each flowchart step is placed in the “Lane” for the group responsible for completing the task (Marketing, Sales, HR, etc.).
develop a methodology for quantifying risks, or should each situation be addressed individually? Can we have both a quantitative and qualitative risk evaluation system in place at the same time?
Risk management is the term applied to a logical and systematic method of establishing the context, identifying, analyzing, evaluating, treating, monitoring and communicating risks associated with any activity, function or process in a way that will enable organizations to minimize losses and maximize opportunities. (Lecture notes)Risk Management is also described as 'all the things you need to do to make the future sufficiently certain'. (The NZ Society for Risk Management, 2001)
“First, it neglects the fact that those who benefit may not be the same as those who pay the costs.
Risk allocation is performed as part of the development of the project structure, which takes into account the distribution of responsibilities and risks during the planning, construction, financing and operating phases (Corner, 2006). The aim is to identify an efficient and effective structure that optimises the costs of the project and ensures that the risk occurrences do not damage the project (Delmon, 2009). According to Grimsey and Lewis (2007) risk allocation has two elements: optimal risk management and value for money. The first implies that the
As the insurer doesn’t know which agents are high-risk or low risk, the company will not offer different types of full insurance to match risk-types, as high-risk agents will prefer contracts that are designed for low-risk agents. To solve this, the insurer will offer low-risk agents less insurance – this ensures that high-risk types do not have the incentive to choose a contract for low-risk customers, as they will want more insurance, because they know they will need to claim more. This ensures that the insurance company maintains non-negative profit, as high-risk individuals cost more to insure. However, these solutions carry agency costs, because the result is less efficient than if symmetric information was present.
Identifying, defining risks (market risks as well as non-market risks), presenting and justifying a unified framework for the analysis, construction and implementation of risk measures are important components of insurance pricing.
The operations on a FPSO encounters many hazards or risk to personnel and the environment. Production facilities on the FPSO increases the risk associated with many marine incident.