Enterobacteric Microorganisms In Nicteria Case Study

AIM – The aim of the experiment is to determine the relative effectiveness of several anti-microbial substances on developing pathogens. (E. coli)

5. What species is the intended host for the Baylisascaris nematode and what symptoms does it cause in this host?

Drug therapy relies on the principle of selective toxicity, where the effects of the drug are only harmful towards the foreign parasite and not at all to the host. By comparing the effects of different drugs on various parasitic organisms we are able to distinguish the type of disease or infection that is present as well as the mechanism of action that takes place by each drug in question. The drugs may function by interacting with enzymes such as transpeptidase and thymidylate synthetase, for example Penicillin and 5-FU function respectively. The effectiveness can be quantified by measuring the zones of inhibition created by the drug on the plate of the bacteria or fungus. This is the area where there is no growth due to the action of the drug. The discovery that the Micrococcus-luteus is classed as a bacteria was made apparent due to Penicillin’s success in inhibiting it’s growth. The action of the Amphotericin solely on the Pythium, gives reason to believe that it can be grouped with fungal growths.

The purpose to this experiment was to study the effect of osmosis in de-shelled chicken eggs in different percentages of sucrose solutions. Osmosis is the process, in which, water moves across a differentially permeable membrane. The eggs were soaked in vinegar to remove the outside hard shell but still leave the egg in its membrane. By placing the six de-shelled in different sucrose solutions, we tested the rate of osmosis. The eggs were placed in the solutions for an hour and weighed in fifteen minute intervals. Then, each weight was recorded and graphed. The results showed that the egg in the water solution gained the most weigh and the only other egg that gained a little weight was the one in the 10% solution. All the other eggs in the different solutions lost weight, even the unknown solution. According to the results the egg that was in the distilled water solution gained weight because it is the hypertonic solution. All the other eggs lost weight because they were placed in hypotonic solutions with different concentrations of sucrose. The egg that was placed in the higher concentration of sucrose lost the most weight. So, the higher the concentration of sucrose, the more water the egg lost.

The goal of this experiment was to find out how an shell-less egg’s mass and volume changed when it was placed first in corn syrup (hypertonic) and then in water (hypotonic) and why. The hypothesis was that when the egg was placed in corn syrup, it would lose mass and shrink, but when it was placed back in water, it would gain mass and swell up. The independent variable was the different tonicity of solutions that the egg was placed in; the dependent variable was the mass and volume of the egg. A pickled egg without shell was rinsed, weighed, and its dimension was measured. Then, it was placed in a cup and soaked in corn syrup.

In figure five, the r2 value was calculated, which shows how closely the data matches the trendline given by the equation. The closer the r2value is to one, the closer the polynomial trendline matches the specific equation. In figure five, the r2value is 0.99, which means that the regression line accounts for 99% of the data. This means that one could be extremely confident that the regression line is an accurate representation of the average of the collated result. The equation of the line in figure five was also calculated, which was y=-0.0005x3+0.0083x2-0.0538x +0.1039. This polynomial equation allows for the point on the graph at which the internal solute reaches equal osmotic pressure to be calculated. Once this equation was plugged into the graphing application of a calculator and the point of inflection was found, the point of osmotic pressure was found, which is 5.53%. This indicates that the intracellular concentration of the egg is 5.53% and therefore once this percentage is reached in the extracellular environment, there is an isotonic environment. This explains as to why the egg starts losing mass around the concentration mark of 5%.

Casualties in the Northern California bacteria outbreak are five ill and twenty-nine dead. More are becoming ill by the second. This bacteria, termed Cerequaestionium, affects the brain’s frontal lobe. Doctors reported that within hours, memory and judgment loss set in. People also lose the ability to think and make rational decisions. Three murders have occurred in relation to the disease. Many more suicides and cases of brain failure are being reported. Three are on suicide watch with two more diagnosed this afternoon.

Bacteria, single-cell microorganisms, are found all over the planet. Some can be beneficial to their enviroment, while others can be pathogenic. Enterococcus faecalis is a resilient bacterium that resides in the intestinal tract of humans and mammals. Due to their ability to colonize at a rapid rate, E. faecalis cause a multitude of infections. To determine an unknown bacteria, one gram stain and two biochemical tests, a catalase and RBC hemolysis test, were performed. The gram stain showed gram-positive cocci bacteria, which lead to the catalase test. The test for

The thioglycollate broth showed that Clostridium sporogenes, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, and Enterococcus faecalis all showed growth that was throughout the tube but there was a slight inhibition of growth at the very top of the tube. Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed growth throughout all of the tube including the very top of the tube. With the TSA + glucose plate, all the bacteria but C. sporogenes was able to grow on the plate aerobically. For the plates that were grown in anaerobic conditions, only C. sporogenes, E. coli, and E. faecalis were able to grow on the plates.

3.I was surprised that the vinegar didn’t cause a change in the egg’s mass. Vinegar was the most acidic liquid tested, so this makes me wonder if eggs have the same pH as vinegar. Since vinegar was used to destroy the shell of the egg, my reasoning was that since the shell is stronger than the inside barrier, then it will destroy that barrier easily as

This is the final step of the experiment. The shell-less egg was now placed into a new cup, but very carefully, as the egg was more fragile than when it was soaked in vinegar. The egg in the new cup was then covered with water. The egg sat in the water for a 24 hour time period once again. During this 24 hour time period the eggs appearance and size were once again recorded. After the time period had completed, the egg was removed from the water and was very carefully patted dry. Since the egg was now swollen, extra care was needed when holding the egg. The swollen egg was placed on the scale on last time and its mass was recorded as M3.

When the 4 eggs were weighed it was found that out of the 4 solutions, 2 were hypotonic and 2 were hypertonic. The mass of 2 of the eggs increased and the other 2 decreased after 60 minutes in the various solutions. Out of the 4, the most hypotonic solution was the distilled water; and the most hypertonic solution was the solution with 2.0M glucose. The

The eggs will increase and decrease in mass when placed solutions with different amount of solutes. This

4.15. The purpose of this investigation was to use our knowledge on osmosis and diffusion and apply it to a de-shelled egg and see how it reacts being submerged in a sodium chloride solution. The hypothesis was that the egg would expand and increase in both size and weight this is proven correct in the table of

sperm as a superior and the egg as an expelling organ part. Moreover, the features of the egg and