Eukaryotic Cells Research Paper

All mammalian cells are eukaryotic, and whilst the eukaryotic type of cell is not exclusive to mammals, mammalian cells differ from other eukaryotic cells because of the organelles that are or are not present. For instance some plant cells have chloroplasts which are not present in mammalian cells, but both plant cells and mammalian cells are eukaryotic in nature. The term eukaryotic refers to the cell having specific membrane bound organelles, which are not present in prokaryotic cells. The defining feature of a eukaryotic cell is usually its membrane bound nucleus (the exception being the red blood cell) [1].

Prokaryotic don’t have a nucleus and their cell type is unicellular. They do not have a true membrane bound nucleus and they have loop DNA. They are rod shaped, spherical and spiral and they divide by binary fission. They are smaller

Prokaryotic cells evolved earlier than Eukaryotic cells this is shown by the fact that Prokaryotic means ‘before nucleus’, this earlier evolution resulted in many differences seen between these cell types (Cain et al, 2014, p172), such as different organisation within the cell. However because all cells are thought to have evolved from a Last Universal Common Ancestor (LUCA) (Heaphy, S, 2015) similarities between these cells are also seen such as ribosomes, however further difference can be found within these similarities. Some of these key differences can be seen in the figures below.

There are two different types of cells; prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Both cells have differences, including the shape and size of the cell. Prokaryote cells are found in bacteria such as E-coli, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus, whilst eukaryote cells are found in plants, animals and fungi. Eukaryotic cells have many components which lead to the cell having a much more complex structure and are larger in size, measuring between 10 and 100 micrometres in diameter. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, are much smaller, measuring between 0.2 and 2 micrometres and having a much simpler structure. The two cells share similarities such as; containing DNA, ribosomes and cytoplasms. According to Bassett, “The ribosomes are “told,” what kind of protein to make and when to make it via the direction of the DNA.” [Bassett. Dawsonera.com. P. 83. 2005.] DNA in a prokaryotic cell is described to be a single circular chromosome, whereas the eukaryotic cell has multiple linear chromosomes. However, the main comparison between the two cells is that the eukaryotic cell contains a nucleus, whereas the prokaryotic cell lacks a nucleus.

There are two main types of cells in the world. The simplest cells such as bacteria are known as Prokaryotic cells, and human cells are known as Eukaryotic cells. The main difference between each of these cells is that a eukaryotic cell has a nucleus and a membrane bound section in which the cell holds the main DNA which are building blocks of life.

One factor that every living thing has in common is that they are all composed of cells, the smallest structural and functional units of all organisms. Approximately two hundred different kinds exist, but the human body contains trillions. In all cells, there is a sheetlike boundary called a membrane that protects thousands of proteins, chromosomal DNA, called genetics, and other chemicals. Among cells are two distinct types with separately organized structures called prokaryotics and eukaryotics A nucleus, which carries genetics and determines the idenitity and function of a cell, exists in eukaryotes, along with many other organelles. Organelles are specially organized formations that allow cells to work properly. On the other hand, prokaryotes

Cell is a wide type of substance that have variations between species and species, for example a plant cell contains a cell wall which is absent in most animal cells. Scientists had been trying to classify all organisms into different groups. Current classification system is the three domains and six kingdoms which the three domain divides organisms based on the ribosomal RNA they contained in the cells. The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya which the first two are made up of prokaryotic cells and Eukarya is made up of eukaryotic cells. This essay will focus on the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.

1. Summarize the structure and function of organelles in eukaryotic cells and ways that these organelles interact with each other to perform the function of the cell (must include: the nucleus, plasma membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, vacuoles, chloroplasts and ribosomes).

Eukaryotic cells are unique because they have unique organelles. These organelles are membrane bound. These organelles have an additional transportation system. The membranous organelles are enclosed by the same type of material as the plasma. Therefore the can move through the cell easier. I thought this was really interesting because it like the organelles have like a car to use for transportation. The eukaryotic animal cells have many parts. As we go deeper will explain their importance.

The term ‘eukaryote’ encompasses most of the visible species on the planet. A eukaryotic cell is one who's genetic material and organelles are bound by membranes, as opposed to a prokaryote who’s nucleoid and organelles are not membrane bound and sit within the cell membrane in the protoplasm - this grouping is considered the most fundamental classifications of organisms.

In regards to their basic structure, according to the SEER Training website, “cells consist of three parts: the cell membrane, the nucleus, and, between the two, the cytoplasm.” (Training.seer.cancer.gov, 2017) This is true for animal cells however plant cells contain a fourth part which is known as the cell wall, it is located on the outside of the cell membrane and allows the cell to keep its rigid shape. It should also be known that there are types of cells that do not contain a nucleus, these are called prokaryotic cells and generally still have the same characteristics as cells that do have a nucleus which are known as eukaryotic cells. (Study.com, 2017) As seen in Figure 1 cells also contain organelles which keep the cell alive and allow it to function effectively.The cytoplasm of the cell which resides between the cell membrane and the nucleus is a gel-like liquid filling the inside of the cell. The cytoplasm allows the cell to have shape and allows the cell 's organelles to move around the cell as needed and function correctly. The nucleus is widely considered to be the control center or

The significant difference between the eukaryotes and the prokaryotes, after size, is the fact that eukaryotes have a nucleus. All the genetic material is found in the nucleus of the more complex structure that is of a eukaryotic cell. This is often referred to as the “true” nucleus, which is bound by a double-membrane. Eukaryotic cells tend to be in compartments, as they tend to be larger and more complex, so their functions take place in specific parts of the cell. These compartments are made up of membrane-bound organelles. Having the DNA related functions in a compartment increases efficiency of the functions. The DNA, which is found in eukaryotes, is made up of very organised proteins called chromosomes. The eukaryotic DNA is linear.

Eukaryotic cells - found in animals, plants and fungi. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is sectioned off from the cytoplasm in its own membrane compartment called the nucleus.

The origin of eukaryotic cells is considered a milestone in the evolution of life. The most likely sequence for the evolution of eukaryotic cell is structure, multicellularity, and then sexual reproduction. Prokaryotic cells have a simple cell structure and lack a nucleus. The nucleus was the first thing to evolve in a prokaryotic cell. According to a chapter titled, “The Origin and Early History of Life” “the nuclear envelope may have evolved from infoldings of the plasma membrane” which then enclosed the DNA of the cell. Organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts then started to develop. Ancestral mitochondrial was a free living prokaryotic cell that was capable of using oxygen to perform cellular respiration and therefore

Eukaryotes accord to the taxon Eukarya or Eukaryota. The defining affection that sets eukaryotic beef afar from prokaryotic beef is that they accept membrane-bound organelles, abnormally the nucleus, which contains the abiogenetic material, and is amid by the nuclear envelope. The attendance of a basis gives eukaryotes their designation, which emanates from the Greek εὖ and κάρυον . Eukaryotic beef along accommodate added membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria and the Golgi apparatus. In additament, plants and algae accommodate chloroplasts. Eukaryotic bacilli may be unicellular, or multicellular. Alone eukaryotes accept abounding kinds of tissue composed of altered corpuscle types.