Evaluation Of A Quantitative Article Using Melnyk & Fineout Overholt

While this structure provides a starting point for the critique of evidence strength, the prudent evaluation and, subsequent, translation into practice guidelines requires further consideration (Greenhalgh, 2010). Research can be scrutinized into measures of quality. John Hopkins Hospital grades evidence on a high to low scale, A through C, based on criteria including consistency of results, reproducibility of findings, sample size of study, level of study control, organizational design, and expert opinion (Newhouse, Dearholt, Poe, Pugh, & White, 2005). Using this evaluation tool, an A score would result in a recommendation for clinical practice while a score of C should alert the clinician to a low quality of research and should not be incorporated into practice guidelines (Newhouse et al., 2005).

This web site is operated by Moores University California San Diego (UCSD) Cancer Center under the direction of Shu-Hong Zhu, PhD, Professor of Family and Preventive Medicine. It is called California Smokers' Helpline. Members of this center have been trained professionally about caring and helping smokers quit. Most of them have a bachelor’s degree or higher. The center has counselors that can speak fluently in English, Spanish, Mandarin, Cantonese, Korean, and Vietnamese – six languages spoken commonly in California – for helping services. These services are supported by California Department of Public Health, First 5 California, Center for Disease

Smoking is still a pressing issue for Americans, despite efforts to regulate and lessen tobacco use. One in every five Americans still regularly smokes a cigarette, and those who attempt to quit aren’t utilizing all the assistance resources available to them. With these treatments being more prominent now than ever before, there is evidence that supports the effects of a quitter using aid compared to one who does not. Providing brief interventions about tobacco cessation may encourage more quit attempts and use of appropriate treatments, such as a quit-lines or medication. Despite many efforts, healthcare providers are still failing to provide brief interventions to patients, which therefore exposes flaws in a healthcare-based strategy to drive

Three evidenced-based interventions for the health issue are mobile phone-based cessation interventions, comprehensive tobacco control programs, and smoke free

The available research on the safety and efficacy of e-cigarette use for smoking cessation is limited. Some consider the evidence contradictory, while others attribute negative outcomes to inappropriate study design. Some medical authorities recommend that e-cigarettes have a role in smoking cessation, and others disagree. Views of e-cigarettes' role range from on the one hand Public Health England, who recommend that stop-smoking practitioners should:- (1) advise people who want to quit to try e-cigarettes if they are not succeeding with conventional nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); and (2) advise people who cannot or do not want to quit to switch to e-cigarettes to reduce smoking-related disease to, on the other hand,

Kaufman, M., Janes, A., Hudson, J., Brennan, B., Kanayama, G., Kerrigan, A., . . . Pope, H.

The process of critiquing a qualitative and quantitative article has enabled us, as a group, to further understand the importance of knowing how to find, recognize, and understand reliable evidence within a research article. Furthermore, this learning has given us the confidence to integrate current research into our growing clinical knowledge when advocating for our

Therefore, making the review highly reliable to use while making decisions in healthcare settings (Cochrane Community (beta) 2014).

The topic in this systematic review is clearly defined, initially in the abstract, and being repeated in the introduction. Yes, the search for studies and other evidence was comprehensive and unbiased as it was able to be. Strict criteria were followed as described in Figure 1. Yes, the screening of citations for inclusion in this review was based on explicit criteria, as they wanted to promote confidence in the outcomes appropriate guidelines were followed carefully. Yes, the included studies were evaluated for

In 1964, thousands of smokers quit in response to the publication of the Report on Smoking and Health and multiple public education campaigns followed. Early behavior changes in 1970s and 1980s were focused on public education and oriented in health education interventions. These campaigns were modeled with health beliefs and theories. There was an emphasis on raising awareness of the harms of unhealthy behaviors versus the benefits of behavior changes. Doctor-patient relationship was a powerful part of health education at this time. In the mid 1980s, the stages of change model shifted from individual to population intervention. These models had a lasting effect.

Kozier, B., Erb, G., Berman A., Snyder, S., Bouchal, D., Hirst, S., Yiu, L., Stamler, L. &

I am in agreement with your process of critical appraisals; identifying the steps in the research process, determining the strengths and weaknesses in the studies and evaluating the validity and credibility of the studies seem to be the root elements of critical appraisals. I appreciated the scholarly article you chose linking depression and mortality among diabetes mellitus patients, particularly because of the straightforwardness of the article. it seemed the conclusion and points of the article were straight forward and the article was easy to understand. If I could suggest any addition, it would be a way to verify the credibility of the study. maybe in this study in particular there is not much incentive for lack of credibility, but in

This was clearly defined in the study. Internal validity was demonstrated though patient assignment and exclusion criteria made by an investigator not participating in data collection. Additional use of PASS software was used to randomize and provide allocation preventing imbalances in the treatment assignments. External validity was demonstrated with clear objective of the study defined, a pilot study was conducted and an intention-to-treat strategy was developed adjust for patients not completing the study. The Sharpiro-Wilk test, Mann-Whitney U test, X2, and Fisher exact test along with consolidated standards of reporting trials (CONSORT) were employed to further generate validity within the study. The data was displayed using graphs and tables with explanations relevant to the research finding and outcomes. This enhanced the written analysis of the findings. Valid resources and references were used for the study and evidenced by the use these citations within the

Businelle, M. S., Kendzor, D. E., Reitzel, L. R., Costello, T. J., Cofta-Woerpel, L., Li, Y.,

In the United States, great efforts have been made to reduce morbidity and mortality from tobacco use, but progress in decreasing the prevalence of tobacco use has slowed. Annually, tobacco use results in nearly 500,000 deaths, and is one of the primary causes of avoidable morbidity and mortality in society.1 Healthcare professionals such as physicians can make a positive impact on the rates of tobacco use cessation among patient smokers by using proper counseling.2 Physicians have been trained to make such interventions during scheduled appointment with patients by using the 5 A’s approach, which involves asking patients about tobacco use during each visit, advising those who use tobacco to quit, assessing readiness to quit, assisting