Fuel Sources, Energy System and Interplay Assignment
1. Fuel Sources
In Anaerobic Glycolysis, carbohydrates, in the form of glucose or glycogen can be broken down to a molecule called pyruvate and provide energy in the form of ATP via the "fast glycolytic" pathway. Carbohydrates are broken down so that when the centre is jogging, shuffling or sprinting the 2580m that she travels in an elite netball game in total (see Figure 3) or when she is in zone three of the intensity zone (see figure 2). When the centre is predominantly using the aerobic glycolysis system she is also predominantly using glycogen as her main fuel source. Once all her glycogen stores are used up she will run out of energy and ‘hit the wall’ (see Figure 1) when her heartrate
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For 6-10 seconds, ATP resynthesis is predominantly supplied by the ATP-PC system with other, smaller contributions from the other energy systems. The information depicted in figure 3 shows us that in two quarters of an elite netball game, a centre sprints an average distance of 3.8 metres and makes 73, 0-5m sprints. The ATP-PC system would be predominantly used in these circumstances because they are short, quick and high intensity efforts. The ATP-PC system is predominantly used when the centre is m making leads, intercepts, leaps* and directional changes*. The ATP-PC system is predominant when the athletes heart is beating at 95%-100% of its maximum heart rate (MHR). The centre spends 26% of the netball game at zone 4 intensity (95%-100%) (See figure 2). The centre would also be largely using the ATP-PC system when she makes her centre passes as these are fast movements that are high in intensity. The centre made 26 centre passes in two quarters of a netball game (see figure …show more content…
However, it has larger a larger fuel supply and doesn’t burn out as quick as the ATP-PC system. The anaerobic glycolysis system is predominant for 10 seconds to 2 minutes and used mostly at sub maximal levels of intensity (85%-95% of MHR).The centre spends 45% of playing time at zone three intensity of 85%-95% of MHR (see figure 2). This is the largest amount of time spent in a zone in the whole game. If the centre remains at a high intensity for more than 10 seconds or short efforts are repeated between 85-95%MHR, the Anaerobic Glycolysis system becomes dominant as the ATP-PC system has not had time to recover. The anaerobic glycolysis system would become the dominant system when the centre is jogging, shuffling or sprinting at a sub maximal level or when her ATP-PC system needs time to recover. The centre jogs 1024m at an average distance of 7.4m, shuffles 904m at an average distance of 3.7 m and when the centre sprints for 11+m (see figure 3. The anaerobic glycolysis system would be prevalent in these situations because they are sub maximal intensity and are for more than 10
The ATP-CP system, fuelled by Creatine Phosphate (CP), is dominant at intensities above 95% of maximum heart rate (MHR) for durations up to 10 seconds. This system would have been dominant during the 11 entries into speed zone 4 where the player maximally sprinted above 18km/hr (Appendix 2), and also when the player reaches a peak
The initial burst of speed and subsequent 5 seconds in the 100m sprint, is fuelled by the Phosphagen ATP- PC system as there is 4-5 times more Phosphocreatine (PCr) readily available in the skeletal muscles compared to that of ATP (1). The initial ATP stored is used within 2 seconds of maximal activity by the Myosin ATPase enzyme to cleave energy, leaving Adenosine Diphosphate (ADP)
There are three main energy systems used in a game of touch football which consist of the creatine phosphate (ATP PC) system, lactic acid system and the aerobic system. Each system plays a vital role during game play. Every muscle in your body requires energy to perform all movements, and to do this, the energy is produced by the breakdown of a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP is found in all cells which is a chemical form of muscular activity and performs mostly all functions in the human body. It contains 3 phosphate groups and adenosine. ATP is stored in the muscles and lasts for approximately 10-30 seconds. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins, are all producers of ATP from the food we eat; however Creatine Phosphate is
In this task I will be examining how the different body systems use energy and why the body needs energy. I will also be analysing cellular respiration which is the process in which energy is made, along with the by-products and anabolism and catabolism. Later on in this task I will be analysing how ATP is used in muscle action, protein production and how we as mammals use the energy released as heat.
This report will discuss the work of the energy interplay system in relation to a subject’s result in the 20 metre beep test . Energy system interplay refers to the work done by the three energy systems (ATP-PC, Anaerobic and Aerobic) to provide the body with the necessary amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to complete certain physical activities depending on their intensity and duration.
One of the most significant reactions in Glycolysis is reaction one which involves the phosphorylation of glucose to form glucose-6-phosphate. Through the transfer of the hydrolysis of ATP, this supplies energy for the reaction and makes it essentially irreversible, having a negative free energy change, which allows for a spontaneous reaction in cells. Although the preparatory phase is energy consuming and uses up 2 ATP, the pay off phase synthesizes 4 molecules of ATP, with the transfer of 4e- via 2 hydride ions to 2 molecules of NAD+. Therefore, a net gain of 2 ATP is achieved through the glycolytic pathway alone. Following the glycolytic pathway, due to the absence of oxygen, as oxygen cannot be supplied fast enough to undergo aerobic respiration, the athlete will instead, undergo lactic acid fermentation. Lactic acid fermentation involves pyruvate that is formed from the glycolytic pathway to be reduced to lactate, with the aid of the enzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, while the coenzyme Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NADH) is oxidised to NAD+. The product NAD+ then re-enters the glycolytic pathway in order to produce 2 ATP. This process of lactic acid fermentation produces 2 ATP for each cycle, and thus, rapidly supplies the body with a small amount of energy. However, with the buildup of lactic acid in the body, the athlete will eventually encounter the feeling of discomfort as this accumulation of lactate causes the body to
The body then detects that there is an increasing amount of ADP in the muscle cell.
The first of three energy pathways is ATP/CP energy pathway. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is an organic compound found in muscle which, upon being broken down enzymatically, yields energy for muscle contraction. Creatine phosphate is a high energy phosphate molecule that is stored in cells and can be used to immediately resynthesize ATP. ATP/CP pathway provide anaerobic sources of phosphate-bond energy. The energy liberated from hydrolysis of CP re-bonds ADP and Pi to form ATP. The energy pathway can be found in such sporting events such as short sprint, shot put, softball pitch, lifting weights for three repetitions or less because they
For needed energy, a molecule of glucose is broken down through a process called glycolysis to form 2 ATP’s. The by-product is lactic acid. During intense, anaerobic muscle activity, anaerobic hydrolysis occurs. The Cori Cycle is activated to recycle the accumulated lactic acid back into useable energy. The lactic acid travels through the bloodstream to the oxygen-rich liver and is converted back to glucose by a process called gluconeogenesis. The glucose is then returned to the muscle to resupply it with energy. This conversion process uses up 6 ATP’s to make 2 ATP’s for the muscle to reuse. This creates a net loss of 4 ATP’s. The Cori cycle is meant to be a temporary shift of energy production from the oxygen-depleted muscles to the liver.
Part One Touch Football is a team sport consisting of two teams of 6 players on the field at a given time. It is a high intensity game, involving bursts of maximal speed and power. During a game of Touch Football, all three energy systems work towards energy production required for muscular contractions, however one energy system will always be dominant and will be determined by the intensity and duration of the effort performed. The ATP-CP system, fuelled by Creatine Phosphate (CP), is dominant at intensities above 95% of maximum heart rate (MHR) for durations up to 10 seconds.
Glycolysis is followed by the Krebs cycle, however, this stage does require oxygen and takes place in the mitochondria. During the Krebs cycle, pyuvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions. This begins when pyruvic acid produced by glycolysis enters the mitochondria. As the cycle continues, citric acid is broken down into a 4-carbon molecule and more carbon dioxide is released. Then, high-energy electrons are passed to electron carriers and taken to the electron transport chain. All this produces 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH, and 4 CO2 molecules.
During intense activites, anaerobic energy is the major contributor for 1 to 3 minutes. Because of intense muscle contractions, there is a limited oxygen supply from the constricted blood vessels.
The ATP/PC system, which lasts up to 10 seconds, is the body’s initial source of fuel and is reliant on its stores of ATP and CP and provides the required burst of energy without the presence of oxygen for high intensity purposes. This burst of energy is due to separating of the chemical bonds between the Phosphate and Creatine which releases additional energy that helps produce more ATP so that we have it upon requirement for only a short period of time. This system is the most dominant system because this system is
Three different metabolic energy systems power your workouts — and your day. Here’s how each one works, and how to make the most of them all.
Glycolysis is the predominant energy system for intense exercise lasting up to 2 minutes and is the second-fastest way to resynthesize ATP (Lethem, 2014).