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Patients who experience “frequent heartburn or acid regurgitation are considered to have gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), unless proven otherwise”. (Tindall, Sedrak, & Boltri, 2014, p. 181). The stomach acid or reflux causes irritation to the esophagus, which leads to GERD. (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2014, para. 1). Frequent signs and symptoms of GERD include difficulty swallowing, chest pain that radiates to the back, heartburn, sour taste in mouth, hoarseness or sore throat, sensation of a lump in your throat, or a dry cough. (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2014, para. 1). GERD can be worse or aggravated by meals and by lying down. (Tindall et al., 2014, p. 181). For acute cases …show more content…

H2 receptors can help decrease the production of acid for up to 12 hours and can provide a longer time of relief, although they don’t work as quickly as antacids do. (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2014, para. 2). Proton pump inhibitors both block the production of acid as well as help heal the esophagus. Prevacid 24 hr, Prilosec, and Zegrid are over the counter proton pump inhibitors. Long term use of prescription dose of proton pump inhibitors can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency and increased risk for bone fracture. (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 2014, para. 2). If symptoms have not improved in 2-3 weeks while on medication or these medications are needed for 2-3 weeks, consult your doctor for further treatment. Sometimes GERD medications are combined to increase effectiveness. For this particular patient I would start out with lifestyle modifications which include: “sleeping with extra pillows to elevate HOB; avoid lying down, strenuous exercise, or bending down 3hrs after eating; maintain an appropriate body weight; avoid spicy, acidic, or fatty foods; avoid chocolate, peppermint, and citrus fruits and juices; Limit coffee, tea, and alcohol intake; avoid overeating; avoid eating within 3hrs of going to bed; stop smoking”. (Tindall et al., 2014, p. 182). Then use the step up approach, starting with over the counter options first as listed above. Do not use antacids

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