Hodgkin's Lymphoma Case

Scenario: John is a 4 year-old boy who was admitted for chemotherapy following diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).  He had a white blood cell count of 250,000.  Clinical presentation included loss of appetite, easily bruised, gum bleeding, and fatigue.  Physical examination revealed marked splenomegaly, pale skin color, temperature of 102°F, and upper abdomen tenderness along with nonspecific arthralgia.

This cancer of the lymph nodes starts by destroying the cells apart of the body’s immune system and can be deadly. The 10 year survival rate for this cancer is 59% and requires years of therapy for recovery. When Kate first discovered she was sick, she had to undergo severe chemotherapy that has severely damaged her Kidney. She is currently doing dialysis to try and restore her damaged kidney, but only time will tell if she will need partial removal of her kidney or a complete transplant. When she is not in the hospital herself, she’s checking other patients in. Due to health care needs, Kimball currently works weekends as a receptionist at the Tallahassee Memorial Emergency Center.

The name often refers to just the cancerous ones rather than all such tumors. Symptoms may include enlarged lymph nodes, fever, drenching sweat, weight loss, itching, and feeling tired. The enlarged lymph nodes are usually painless. The sweats are most common at night.

The first and second cycle of treatments completed under full supervision for observation of responses. Future cycle schedules will change if treatments are interrupted for any reason. After the second cycle, your doctor may adjust the dose of medicine and increase the treatment cycles contingent on the response to bliatumomab. Talk with your doctor to fully understand what’s involved with treatment, the duration and the adjustment of dosage.

The treatment for Burkitt's Lymphoma consists mainly of Intensive Chemotherapy and may be combined with other treatments such as Rituximab, Radiation and Steroidal therapy. If chemotherapy does not decrease the rate of the cancer spreading, a bone marrow transplant or surgery will be done. Drugs such as Aoxprubican, Cytoxan, Methotrexate and Vincristine are prescribed. Certain chemotherapy drugs may be injected directly into the Cerebral Spinal Fluid. This method is known as Intrathecal

Leukemia broadly describes conditions that affect erythropoiesis in the bone marrow, lymphatic system, and spleen. As with all other cancers, leukemia begins from the mutation of DNA in certain cells. Classifications of leukemias are based on the age of onset and the leukocyte involved (Lewis et al. 2014, 665). The most common leukemia is chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), accounting for approximately 30% of cases in the United States (Copstead and Banasik 2013, 222). The normal function of the bone marrow, spleen, and liver becomes interrupted by the invasion of malignant lymphocytes (B cells); since the B cells are functionally inactive, a patient becomes more susceptible to infections. The sluggish progression of CLL unfortunately leads to late diagnoses and poor prognosis (Lewis et al. 2014, 665). Patients that become symptomatic in later stages will experience fatigue, weight loss, anorexia, and an increased susceptibility to infection, due to abnormal antibody production. Patient specific factors such as age, disease progression, and medication side effects will determine the course of treatment (Copstead and Banasik 2013, 223). The fragile state of patients with CLL requires continuous examination of drug therapy and interventions to prevent further complications.

Specific Purpose: The purpose of this speech is to inform the audience about the disease Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and allow them to be more aware about what exactly it is, what the common symptoms are, and how to treat the disease.

Lymphomas are one kind of malignant tumor and they often start in locations such as the lymph nodes. Lymphoma is the third fastest growing cancer in the world and affects people of all ages. Lymphoma is a common cancer that has specific symptoms and treatments.

The first treatment is known as ABVD, it is widely known as the initial treatment for patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Her ABVD treatment was a chemotherapy regimen that consisted of six cycles. Two ABVD treatments was equivalent to once cycle and each treatment lasted two weeks. For 24 weeks Elyse endured her treatments all while attending pharmacy school full time, being active in church ministry, and working occasionally. After the treatments were over and most of the cancer was gone, Elyse received another phone call that stunned her mental progression; the cancer was not completely gone. There was still a lingering piece of the mass left. This called for radiation in which Elyse received every day in 2013 from July to August. After the cancer was completely gone her physician advised her to get her thyroid checked regularly. Because of the previous location of the cancer the doctor also advised her to get mammograms

While these are high probabilities of treating the cancer, the quality of life afterward is still questionable. For instance, unintentional maleficence exists from the chemotherapy. A study by John Radford claims that “survivors of Hodgkin’s lymphoma are at substantial risk for one or more second cancers”. While chemotherapy is effective at treating lymphoma, it also seems to lead to a higher risk for a second cancer, and that cancer may need more chemotherapy. By Cassandra being forced to undergo treatment for her lymphoma she is also, inadvertently, getting this higher risk for more cancer later in her life. Moreover, Cassandra also faces the unwanted side effects of chemotherapy:“hair loss, mouth sores, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, increased chance of infections, easy bruising or bleeding, fatigue”. Not only is the chemotherapy not wanted, but it also comes with steep side effects that she must live with; the consequences of the involuntary treatment outweigh the chance that a person may survive - it is more important to respect a patient’s autonomy than to pursue a minimal, unwanted, questionable beneficence. A recent study reported on by Zosia Chustecka found that even eight years after the chemotherapy, “high-level fatigue was common”. Post chemotherapy there are changes that impact the quality of life of the

The symptoms of Hodgkin’s disease frequently depend upon the stage of disease. Staging defines the extent to which the disease has spread throughout the body. Moreover, it often determines which treatment(s) will be required.

CLL is diagnosed with a physical exam, including a complete history, and blood & bone marrow tests. Many types of blood and bone marrow tests can be performed including:

Lymphoma is a general term for many similar subtypes of cancers that come from a white blood cell called a “lymphocyte.” Lymphoma has two major categories: Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Mantle cell lymphoma is merely 1 of 70 different types of NHL. US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health 2008. Lymphatic cancer, also known as Lymphoma, is a cancer of the body’s lymph nodes. Records show MCL occurs in about 20,000 to 200,000 cases annually in the United States; 20,000 to 200,000 may seem like a large amount, and is a lot of individuals, but in comparison to the 318.9 million people in the United States, this condition is rare. Mantle Cell Lymphoma 2014. Although Lymphatic cancer is considered rare, there is a type called Mantle Cell Lymphoma, which only occurs in approximately 7% of people with NHL have mantle cell lymphoma. Lymphoma - Non-Hodgkin 2012.

Lymphoma is the name given to a cancer that infects the lymphatic system. In a case of lymphoma the lymphatic system has cells that multiply and cannot be stopped. There are two main types of lymphoma, Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma is called

There are many different type of cancers, there are also many different types of treatments. One of the most known types of treatments would be chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can be used for a wide range of different types of cancers and diseases, and each of the different types of cancers or diseases require a different group, and sometimes order, of chemicals to properly treat the cancer or disease. These chemicals include: Alkylating agents, Antimetabolites, Anthracyclines, Topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, corticosteroids, and more. Each of these drugs previously listed have its own cancer type(s) or disease(s) that it can assist in treating. Some of these cancers include: Leukemia, Lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple