How Osmosis Affects A Potato
Aim: - To See How Osmosis Affects A Potato
Preliminary work
Prediction: -I predict that the weight of the potato in the sugar solution will decrease and the weight of water will increase. I predict that the weight of the potato in the sugar solution will decrease when it reaches 3:1 (salt: water).
In put Variables:
-Molarity
-Size of potato
-Mass of Water
-Molarity of Sugar
-Length of time in the solution
-Temperature of water
Out put variables:
-Weight of potato
Key variables:
-Molarity of sugar. This is a key variable because it has the most effective outcome because osmosis only works when there are different molarities in and outside of the potato other wise the
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In this case, the tiny holes in the membrane of the potatoes will allow the water molecules to pass through in and out of the solution and the potato, depending on the concentration gradient of the two substances. So in this case, when the water concentration is lower, the water will go inside the potato, and the potato will gain mass. If there is very little different in the two water concentrations, there shouldn't be such a big change in mass.
Also if there is a higher concentration of water in the potato, then the water will go out of the potato and into the liquid solution, as osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, through a partially permeable membrane.
Preliminary Plan
1. Two test tubes and put them in a test tube rack
2. Fill both test tubes with the same amount of water about 1/3 of the way full.
3. In one of the test tubes add sugar and mix it in with the water
4. Label this test tube sugar
5. Using a borer get two pieces of potato and cut the ends off.
6. Make sure that they are both the same size and weigh them
7. With a stop clock time 5 minutes for both of the potatoes bits when they have been dropped in the water so they both have the same amount of time.
8. After they have been in for 5minutes take them out with a pair of tweezers and get rid of any excess water with a tissue
12.Stir then pour 2.5ml of the enzyme mixture into one of the test tubes not allowing any water from the saucepan into the test tube.
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4.Measure 35mL of warm water and add them into each of the 4 test tubes at about roughly the same time. It is essential that the water is warm. Do not seal the test tube.
Osmosis is defined as the tendency of water to flow through a semipermeable membrane to the side with a lower solute concentration. Water potential can be explained by solutes in a solution. The more positive a number is more likely it will lose water. Therefore should water potential be negative the cell the less likely it will lose water. In using potatoes the effects of the molarity of sucrose on the turgidity of plant cells. According to Clemson University, the average molarity of a White potato is between .24 M and .31 M when submerged in a sorbitol solution. This experiment was conducted with the purpose of explaining the relationship found between the mass in plants when put into varying concentrations of sucrose solutions. Should the potatoes be placed in a solution that contains 0.2M or .4M of sucrose solution it will be hypotonic and gain mass or if placed in .6M< it will be hypertonic and lose mass instead. Controlled Variables in this lab were: Composition of plastic cups, Brand of Russet Potatoes, Brand of Sweet Potatoes and the Temperature of the room. For independent variable that caused the results recorded it was the different Sucrose concentrations (0.0M, 0.2M, 0.4M, 0.6M, 0.8M, 1M). The dependent variable was the percentage change from the initial weighs to the final. The cup with .4 molarity was the closest to an isotonic solution and was used as the control group for the lab. Water potential is the free energy per mole of water. It is
1 ml of water should be added to the first test tube and make a note. In the second test tube, 1 ml of methyl alcohol should be added. In the third test tube, 1 ml of hexane must be added. Lastly, the fourth test tube will be a control.
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In this experiment we will learn the effects of hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic solutions on a potato slice meaning plant cells and the difference between osmosis and diffusion. “Osmosis is when something is dissolved in something.”(Sheppard) This is where the solute and solvent come in, solute dissolves in the solvent. “Osmosis is a type of passive transport that involves the net movement of water from an area of high concentration of water to an area of low concentration of water. Osmosis occurs when solutions with different concentrations of solutes are separated by a selectively permeable or semi permeable membranes through which water can pass, but solutes cannot pass.”(McKinley) Diffusion also as diffuse meaning to separate or spread, in this case we are talking about how diffusion works when dealing with solutions. “The strict definition of diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high density to an area of low density, or the movement of a substance down its concentration gradient. This is basically just a posh way of saying that things move from where there 's lots of it to where there 's not much of it.”(Tim Sheppard) “When understanding diffusion, we know that particles tend to move down their concentration gradients, creating a uniform distribution of particles. Osmosis is a process that moderates diffusion, and stops a uniform distribution from occurring. It is due to the presence of a solute and a semi permeable membrane.”(Khan)
at the same time so as they all have the same length of time in the
Osmosis is a special kind of diffusion involving the movement of water through a semi permeable membrane, separating solutions of different concentrations. The water passes from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration until the two concentrations are equal in water.
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