How Technology Has Impacted The Way Cities Operate

Technology is the becoming the new universal language, a country without it virtually wouldn't exist. Technology has changed America and is continuing to evolve. Americans in particular have invented many technological devices that have moved the world. A remarkable invention was the telegraph invented by Samuel Morse in 1832. The telegraph sent messages through electric signals across wire, this was the most effective way for information to be spread across America during that time. The telegraph drastically changed communication, instead of taking weeks or months to pass along data or a time sensitive military letter, a message could be sent in minutes. It was truly a huge leap for the world, “Prior to the telegraph, politics and business

The top issue in Toronto was the poor performance of public transit such as buses, streetcars, and subway trains. The TTC system is of very bad performance that even many transit systems in third- world countries provide users with better experiences than trasit users have in Toronto. The current major problems with TTC are: crowding during rush periods and insufficient ridership to justify reasonable service levels at other times. Another problem was that Rob Ford was unwilling to accept a proposal to reduce monitoring of fare payment. “I have problems with the honour system,” he said. John Tory opposed the recommendations because they are not funded. But funding such service changes

While reading this chapter I thought back to when I was growing up and the technology advancements I have seen in my lifetime. When dial up was introduced and we could not use the internet and the house phone at the same time. A memorable technological time in my life was when my parents bought a used computer. This computer monitor was a least 20lbs. The screen was black and the text was orange. This thing was high tech and my brother, sister and I where entranced by it. Now I have a macbook pro that is 2lbs, maybe.

“We live in a world defined by urbanization and digital ubiquity, where mobile broadband connections outnumber fixed ones, machines dominate a new "internet of things," and more people live in cities than in the countryside.” –Anthony M. Townsend, “Smart Cities”

3-D printing is an emerging technology, that if properly done, has the potential to change the world and how things are done. Although there have been many advancements over the years, with further research and development this technology can become less expensive, easier to make, and bring us things like household products and printed pizza. The Oxford dictionary defines 3-D printing as “a process for making a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model, typically by laying down many successive thin layers of a material” (Definition of 3D printing in English).

The internet of things is changing a lot about the world we live in, from the way we drive to how we make purchases and even how we get energy for our homes. Sensors and chips are embedded in the physical things that surround us, each transmitting valuable data. Data that lets us better understand how these things work and work together. A world filled with devices that can detect changing conditions and react to that change quickly and efficiently is the internet of Things and will impact our lives more than ever before. Billions of

2. INTRODUCTION :Smart locks, smart cars — you’ve probably heard some of these terms lately, and you’re going to hear them even more as the year goes on. But what are these things exactly — and what makes them so smart? These devices are all part of an emerging category called the Internet of Things, or IoT for short. Internet of things refers to a concept that internet is no longer just a global network for people to communicate with one another using computers, but it is a platform for devices to communicate electronically with the world around them. It includes objects ranging from computers to washing machines and laptops to microwaves. It is based on a rule that “everything that can be connected should be connected”.

With the high pace of urbanization in India, the demand for better amenities and living conditions have gone higher. To meet those demands, Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD) initiated a national programme for urban India as ‘Smart Cities’.

The internet of things (IoT) is comparable to the internet in how it provides communication connections over a large area public network. The internet is used to connect people to each other using device connections to a main stream network. The IoT is currently a conceptual construct of a network system working as a conduit to serve as a direct line of communication for multiple electrical operated objects. In theory if an object has an on/off toggle switch, then the object will eventually be able to be connected to the system. The purpose of the IoT is to provide a medium to connect electrical devices allowing them to work in unison in effort to improve the efficiency of their operations. Advanced algorithms drive these devices to complete complex decision making tasks in real time scenarios to improve the efficiency of their operations (Pye, 2014).

As noted, the demands and charges associated with the use of Internet of things are high. However, certain methods can be used to minimise charges and save energy related to data centres and electric vehicles. To manage the system and control overall costs, relevant information should be collected, regarding electric vehicle energy demands and electricity prices. After collecting the relevant data, appropriate strategies should be developed and implemented to optimise the use of technology and deliver the best results (Yu, Jiang & Zou, 2016). Information related to patients’ health can also be

Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology where absolutely “everything” (devices), are being connected to the internet in order for them to be able to communicate with each other. The internet may be the World Wide Web or any other form of connectivity used to interconnect two or more devices remotely. This is all for the benefit of mankind. Man is creating this technology and advancing it so as to benefit from it in all possible means by reducing work and taskforce and increasing productivity.

Internet of things (IoT) is becoming a hot topic in recent years. Its application is very wide which can be applied to the military, industry, agriculture, power grid and networks, transportation, logistics, energy saving, environmental

Globally, cities are facing problems of the population is living over a greater distance and travelling further and more often (). Oil consumption is increasing but the supply is not increasing. Local governments are facing the issue of how do they plan a city that can accommodate these changes? Four studies reviewed cities and how the transportation is effecting the city. The case study cities were Christchurch, New Zealand and Minneapolis, United States of America. This cities are similar because they both have large populations living in suburbs who have to travel long distances for work, school, leisure, socialising and more. In both cities, cars are stilled the popular mode of transport. Transport can have effects on the surrounding land but not all the time. People are traveling to work differently to previous generations. All of these issues explain the situation of the transport systems in Christchurch and Minneapolis.

Modern technologies are what that play an important role in smart city system. Implementing all these will only include people to the first.

Abstract— the development of an intelligent parking systems which offers a real time solution to the parking problem is a key aspect of turning our smart city vision into reality. To achieve this goal, this paper proposes a solution that merge different technologies into one system. These technologies include RFID, WSN, NFC, Cloud, and smart phone. This architecture enables us to collect, the environmental variables , the occupancy state of parking spaces, and provide user directions to the nearest vacant parking spot by using a smart phone application in real time. This application also provides a service to the user with a highly advance and secure NFC-based e-wallet system to pay for parking fee. Furthermore, alerts events