human genome consists of conserved sequences shared by all mammals. Interestingly, over two thirds of these sequences do not code for protein, but this does not necessarily mean that they are non-functional. One likely possibility is that these non-coding regions conserved throughout the mammalian genome function in genetic regulation. However, before determining the function of these regions within the genome, they must first be identified. After determining the conserved sequences, they can then
INTRODUCTION Regulatory factor is bound with genomic DNA to protect the sequence from cleavage through DNase I. With the help of DNase I, it is easy to identify the 41 diverse cells with nucleotide resolution. Around 45 million transcription factors are detected in the regulatory regions. They represent the binding to the elements that are of short sequence. Genetic variations affect the allelic chromatin which is present in concentrated manner in the footprints. But these variations effects are
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Overview The intracellular trafficking between several membranes enclosed organelles and plasma membrane is essential for all living ukaryotic cells. It’s involved in many fundamental cellular processes such as hormone secretion, ciliogenesis, cell migration, and so on. Intracellular trafficking is mostly mediated by membrane-enclosed vesicles which are budded from donor compartments and fused with target compartments. Vesicular transport is observed among most of the
Promoting t-SNARE Binary Complex Assembly and membrane Fusion by the Exocyst Protein Sec3 Peng Yue A DISSERTATION in Biology Presented to the Faculties of the University of Pennsylvania in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy 2015 Supervisor of Dissertation ______________________ Wei Guo, Professor of Biology Graduate Group Chairperson ______________________ Michael Lampson, Associate Professor of Biology Dissertation Committee Fevzi Daldal, Professor
The microRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded small, endogenous, non-coding regulatory RNA with size varying ~21 to 24 nucleotides. microRNA mediated gene regulation play an important role in the negative regulation of gene at post-transcriptional level by targeting the mRNAs of protein coding genes by cleavage or repressing protein translation in eukaryotes and viruses (Bartel, 2004). microRNAs are expressed from their own genes located in the intergenic or intragenic region on the chromosomes (Lagos-Quintana
The major research questions addressed in the presentation consisted of: why to study microbes? , What are the basics of gene expression? , What’s special about riboswitches? The major hypotheses that were explored during the presentation were “S box” represses genes involved in the synthesis of methionine and SAM in response to the high SAM concentration; and the low SAM results in the readthrough of the termination site. Also “How can gene expression be regulated” and under what conditions/processes
Microorganisms have developed multiple direct and indirect mechanisms that protect them against the environmental stresses they encounter. One of the most severe and widespread problems facing crop production is the degradation of soil quality due to desiccation and salinity, and almost 40% of the world’s land surface is affected by salinity-related problems (Zahran 1999, Veron, 2006). Water, and its availability, is one of the most vital environmental factors to affect the growth and survival of
in silico characterisation of the association between rs12670798 and LDL cholesterol Introduction Complex diseases are caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors working in combination with each other and thus, it is difficult to characterise the contribution of any one factor to the disease1. However, the widespread adoption of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has greatly accelerated the rate at which these factors are discovered and characterised. These studies genotype individuals
Dennis Nguyen Dr. Ann H. West CHEM 4923 - 001 16 November 2014 SIRT6 Structure and Function Introduction SIRT6 is one of seven proteins belonging to a family of human silence information regulatory proteins. These proteins are more commonly known by the name sirtuins or by the abbreviation 'SIR '. Sirtuins have been studied in a number of different model organisms including yeast, drosophila, and mice. In yeast, the SIR2 gene frequently associated with expanding the lifespan through metabolic regulation
integrated by viral genomes. Therefore, this discovery was made by studying the genomes of bacterial cells; which shed light on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) identified in many bacterial genomes. Therefore, the identification of CRISPR was first discovered in 1987 but its function was unknown at the time. However, the significance of these genetic elements came into light in the early 2000s as they began to be identified in a number of prokaryotes. Furthermore, it