Informed Decision-Making Process Analysis

Information technology has advanced in multiple ways in society, where organizations has implement the structure into their work environment. Industries have outsource their manufacturing to other places in the world and rely on telecommunication to keep the marketing. The geographic distribution has changed significantly by reducing the distance it takes to complete an operation, due to information technology. These are just a couple of examples of how this advanced technology has reshape our society and continuing.

When everything we do depends on technology, we often don’t notice how much it affects us. Most of the time technology isn't so bad, and is very useful. For example, it has modernized the way we chat and communicate with others. It has also changed the way we travel from location to location not matter the distance. However, the effect of it all really depends on how and why it is being used.

This book views technology as something that has both advantages and disadvantages. Apart from enhancing communication through the facilitation of information exchange, technology has also brought with itself a

Informed decision-making is an important aspect for working in the government. According to Milakovich and Gordon, provide some examples of how information technology can be used to assist bureaucrats in decision-making?

For government, state and local government, technology brought the ease of management. The hope of seamlessly managing data, information, and people beyond the existence of boundaries encouraged the government and

Informed decision-making is an important aspect for working in the government. According to Milakovich and Gordon, provide some examples of how information technology can be used to assist bureaucrats in decision-making?

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The option of internet simply limited by prevailing social structures and the worth or value society has for it. In this way technology is never neutral; it promotes certain institutions over others. For example, technology promotes governments whose interests are not the people but how the role of the internet can benefit themselves. Technology, the physical and organizational enabler; without appropriate technology, there would be no globalisation because through technology we extend social control across the dimensions of space and time. It plays an important role in modern society that impact many things. Most observers argue that technology, a force for integration, makes the world a smaller, better place. However, some may argue it distances people in different parts of the world away, both economically and politically. Important to remember that technology "is not an object, it is always a means to an end" (Rybczynski 1983, 213). The message here, remember this and use it wisely instead of for personal foolish reasons. Likewise, people choose globalization, not imposed, like some deus ex machina.

Building block two: the use of information technology systems in large government are large and expensive, and experience has shown that some systems have been costly and disastrous failures (Borins, 2006). Information technology is widely considered as a way of innovation, but with the technologic advancement it has been a challenge for government.

In today's public sector environment virtually all federal, state and local government use computers. Computerization has streamlined repetitive processes, promoting a more cost effective and efficient use of information technology. " Studies suggest that managers look to information technology to streamline work processes, enable easier access and retrieval of information, provide better products and services, save money by avoiding workforce expansion, speed up transactions and provide better data security."[iii]

Inventions such as Government digital services are faced with challenges that incur as a result of the invention. Due to the nature of government Digital service being a unit of government cabinet one major challenge it faces is the culture of department silos and their relationships with the IT ‘oligarchs’. “ Success in innovation appears to depend upon two key ingredients- technical resources (people, equipment, knowledge, money and etc.) and the capabilities in the organization to manage them.” (Joe Tidd j. B.)

Information technology has an impact on many different aspects of our life. Technology has influenced the economy and on the way people live, communicate and work. The growth and improvement of technology yields to a greater output and huge impact on the economy. Technology innovation provides more efficient and cheaper ways to make existing goods. Many institutions are spending a lot of their revenue on research and development. This resulted in creating new products and new services. Economy has been affected by technology in the number of the increased jobs, the emergence of new and developed services and the use of the Internet to reach customers.

Information and communication technology has largely changed people’s life in the modern world. For example, studying abroad was too difficult to achieve in the past because of the long time taken information delivery and transportation. However, now these problems can easily solved by online information, email and online commercial without leaving room. ICT makes progressive for the efficient for the public services providing through cutting the services providing cost, enhancing the efficiency of the government and e-participation for citizens to take part in the election in a more transparent way. E-government is defined by Kettani and Moulin (2014) as ‘a process of reform in the way governments work, share information and deliver services to external and internal clients’. The UN identified e-government as ‘utilizing the internet and the world wide web for delivering government information and services to citizens’ (UN, 2003). The first wave of office automation between 1960s and 1970s allowed massive reductions by cutting clerical jobs, the second wave of automation changes in the 1980s and 1990s reflecting the introduction of more complicated IT-based procedures (Dunleavy, 2006:18). This essay will explore ways how ICT promote public services in developed and developing countries and list suggestions to use IT systems efficiently.

Improvement efforts should be primarily focused on fighting the digital divide in the population to achieve more digital inclusion. This would not only reduce social inequality, but would also increase the efficiency of E-government overall, since more people would be able to access its services online. Other efforts should be directed towards improving legal, regulatory and budgetary inflexibility in their framework to facilitate the further implementation of E-government applications. New laws on how to protect and secure data must be constituted to ensure the viability of E-government in the future. Lastly, the empowerment of the citizens should be addressed more directly and attributed a higher priority. Ultimately, E-government should lead to the empowerment of citizens in all branches of public

The World Bank (2002) cited in Ntulo and Otike (n.d.) has outlined a number of benefits of e-administration. Firstly, it empowers citizens to be active participants in the decision making process through the gathering of information. Secondly, it can be argued that the process of information gathering for the citizens and the public are condensed. Thirdly, it fosters greater responsiveness of government departments and agencies given the fact that information on government activity is freely available. Fourthly, the effective streamline and implementation of e-administration afford greater opportunities for service delivery to clients and facilitate better interaction between business and state actors. Finally, it affords greater levels of convenience to the public and empowers citizens through access to