Lung Cancer (Non Small Cell)

Squamous Cell Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) occurs in about 30% of all Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cases. (Khan Academy Medicine, 2012) There are two main features of squamous cell NSCLC that distinguish it from adenocarcinoma and large cell NSCLC. Squamous cells contain keratin within the cell and are connected to each other by desmosomes (Khan Academy Medicine, 2012). Squamous cell NSCLC is most commonly found in male smokers who have a cough, airway obstruction, Hilar-adenopathy, mediastinal widening with chest x-rays, and Hypercalcemia (Harold, J. Bruyere, 2009).

There are different types of lung cancers. NSCLC occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably. The abnormal tissues multiply, and they form malignant tumors. The tumors can spread to other organs and tissues. Smokers have the highest rates of NSCLC. Prolonged exposure to radon can also cause NSCLC.

Cancer, it can affect anyone; it can affect any part of the body but what is it? Cancer results from the abnormality in the body's cells. This occurs when the cells divided and grow. Disruption in the system of the growth and division of a cell results in an uncontrolled division and proliferation of cells that form a mass which leads to cancer. The patient outcome for cancer is different for everyone, but it is also different with each type. In the respiratory department, a major type of cancer we will deal with is lung cancer. Lung cancer, however, has different types and stages, but for this paper, we are going to talk about Stage IIIA non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the article titled “Stage IIIA Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer” it states

Lung Cancer is a disease which consists of uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissues. Lung cancer consists of two types, Non-small cell lung cancer, and small cell lung cancer. (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung cancer. The bronchi are the large air tubes leading from the trachea to the lungs that convey air to and from the lungs, and where most lung cancers begin. The body normally maintains cell growth only

This sort of lung malignancy happens primarily in present or previous smokers, however it is additionally the most widely recognized kind of lung disease seen in non-smokers. It is more normal in ladies than in men, and it will probably happen in more youthful individuals than different sorts of lung tumor. Adenocarcinoma is typically found in external parts of the lung. Despite the fact that it has a tendency to become slower than different sorts of lung malignancy and will probably be found before it has spread, this fluctuates from patient to persistent. Squamous cell carcinoma: Around 25% to 30% of all lung malignancies are squamous cell carcinomas. These tumors begin in early forms of squamous cells, which are level cells that line within the aviation routes in the lungs. They are regularly connected to a past filled with smoking and have a tendency to be found in the focal part of the lungs, close to a primary aviation route. Huge cell carcinoma: This write represents around 10% to 15% of lung diseases. It can show up in any part of the lung. It has a tendency to develop and spread rapidly, which can make it harder to

Although many people have heard about lung cancer, they don't know that there are two major types of lung cancer. The types of lung cancer are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC breaks down into three different types and approximately makes up 85-90% of the cancers that patients are diagnosed with. The first type of NSCLC is adenocarcinoma. This type of cancer is usually found in smokers however it is the most common lung cancer found in nonsmokers. This cancer typically attacks younger adults and targets women. This cancer tends to develop on the outside layers of the lungs and it can be found before it spreads throughout the body. The second type of NSCLC is squamous cell carcinoma. This cancer is linked to smoking and forms in the inner airways of

Non-small cell is the most common form of lung cancer. In fact 9 out of 10 cases of lung cancer are non-small cell. The other main type of lung cancer is small cell lung cancer, and together, they are the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, surpassing women’s breast cancer in 1987. In 2015, 221,200 people are expected to be diagnosed with some form of lung cancer. After a patient is diagnosed, their life expectancy drastically drops, as patients die on average within one year of being diagnosed. Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for 85% of the fatality rate.

Lung cancer is a genetic and acquired disease. Lung cancer is genetic because cancer in general is caused by changes to the genes that control the way our cells function, especially how they grow and divide. All of these changes include mutations in the DNA that makes up our genes. Genetic changes that increase cancer risk can be inherited from our parents, if the changes are presents in germ cells. Which are the reproductive cells of the body, those are the eggs and the sperm. Lung cancer is also acquired because as the result of errors that occur as cells divide a person’s lifetime or exposure to certain chemicals. Some examples of these chemicals are found in tobacco smoke, radiation, UV rays from the sun that damage DNA. “In general, cancer cells have more genetic changes than normal cells. But each person’s cancer has a unique combination of genetic alterations.” Some of these changes may be the result of cancer, rather than the cause. As the cancer continues to grow, additional changes will occur. Even within the same tumor, cancer cells may have different genetic changes.

The cells grow in clusters that exhibit neither glandular nor squamous organization. Electron microscopic studies demonstrate the presence of neurosecretory granules in some of the tumour cells similar to those found in the bronchial epithelium of the fetus or neonate. The tumours to secrete polypeptide hormones, and the presence of neuroendocrine markers such as neon specific enolase and parathormone like and other hormonally active products suggest that these tumours may arise from the neuroendocrine cells of the bronchial epithelium. This cell type has the strongest association with cigarette smoking and is rarely observed in someone who has not smoked. The SCLCs are highly malignant, tend to infiltrate widely, disseminate early in their course, and rarely are resectable. About 70% have detectable metastases at the time of diagnosis, the rest are assumed to have micrometastases. Brain metastases are particularly common with SCLC and may provide the first evidence of the tumour. Without treatment, one half of persons with SCLS die within 12 to 15 weeks” (Hannon, R. A., Porth, C. M., & Pooler, C. (2009). In small cell lung cancer the cells that are involved are small cells which means they are smaller then normal cells hense how they got their name. “Small cell lung cancer is more likely to cause a paraneoplastic syndrome than other lung

Lung cancer is a tumor that affects either one or both of the lungs.A primary cancer begins in the lungs and a secondary cancer begins in another place in the body and makes its way up towards the lungs. Lung cancer is the 5th most common cancer. In Australia 59% of males were diagnosed were as 41% of Australian females were diagnosed.

SCLC is most regularly centrally situated tumour arising up from bronchial epithelium (Belinsky, 2004). Facts reveal 92% of patients had NSCLC, whereas 8% have been recognized with small cell carcinoma. The foremost commonplace anatomy changed into adenocarcinoma (43.8%) followed with the aid of squamous cellular carcinoma (26.2%), large cell carcinoma (2.1%) and others (8.3%). statistically better occurrence of the adenocarcinoma in non-people who smoke and small cellular and squamous histology had been more commonly located within the smokers [Noronha et al.,

Small cell lung cancer is also known as "oat cell" or undifferentiated small cell carcinoma. It is rare in nonsmokers. The small cell lung cancer is a disease that originates in the central airways. It develops, in general, from the main lobes and bronchia, and rarely from the trachea.

There are many different type of cancers, there are also many different types of treatments. One of the most known types of treatments would be chemotherapy. Chemotherapy can be used for a wide range of different types of cancers and diseases, and each of the different types of cancers or diseases require a different group, and sometimes order, of chemicals to properly treat the cancer or disease. These chemicals include: Alkylating agents, Antimetabolites, Anthracyclines, Topoisomerase inhibitors, mitotic inhibitors, corticosteroids, and more. Each of these drugs previously listed have its own cancer type(s) or disease(s) that it can assist in treating. Some of these cancers include: Leukemia, Lymphoma, Hodgkin disease, multiple

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death not only in the United States of America but globally.1 According to the World Health Organization 8.2 million deaths in 2012 were cancer related and of those deaths, 1.59 million were due specifically to lung cancer.2 In 2014, there was a staggering 224,210 new reported cases of lung cancer in the United States alone. The 5-year relative survival has a 49% to 2% variability depending on the type of lung cancer, stage, and location. The two major types of lung cancer are Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCL), which consists of 85% lung cancers, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which makes up the other 15% of lung cancers. NSCL is an epithelial lung cancer that is histologically comprised of adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.1 Both NSCL and SCLC are insidious in nature and the presentation will usually be vague or nonspecific and include the following symptoms: cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, weight loss, recurrent infections, coughing up blood, hoarseness, and wheezing.

The two main types of lung cancer are Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). About 80-85% of lung cancers are NSCLC. Adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma are the subtypes of NSCLC that begins from different lung cells. Adenocarcinoma occur in 40% of lung cancer cases. It is the most common type in both smokers and nonsmokers in the United States. Adenocarcinoma is usually located on outer parts of the lung. Also, it is more likely to be discovered before it spreads to other organs. About 25-30% are squamous cell carcinoma which is normally found in the airways of the lungs. Large cell carcinoma only accounts for 10-15%, it is more difficult to treat because it grows and spreads rapidly. If the tumor was detected in an early stage, the treatment will be more successful. In stage I & II the cancer will be in the lung and not spread to any lymph nodes yet. The tumor is generally smaller than in higher stage. Stage III will develop a more advanced diagnosis. The cancer can spread to the lymph nodes of the chest. If the cancer spread to the same side of where it began, that is stage IIIA. If it spread to the opposite side, or above the collarbone, that is stage IIIB. Stage IV is the most complex stage, the cancer can spread to both lungs, and any parts or organs of the