Lung Cancer : The Number Of Diagnostics And Deaths Of Cancer

     Lung cancer is the most common cancer-related cause of death among men and women. Lung cancer can be undetected for many years causing it to become more dangerous and possibly fatal. There is not cure for lung cancer or any cancer, but if detected in an early stage the lung cancer can be detected, treated, and hopefully terminated. There are many new and developing treatments being tested now that may save lives in the future. Through understanding what the lung cancer is, doctors can easily diagnose and assess cancer patients.

Throughout life, many individuals experience difficulties due to growing up in everyday life. While going in depth of the human life, it is discovered that there are many diseases and disorders that affect humans’ everyday functions. A very popular disease that has traumatically affected the human body is cancer. Cancer is a disease that spreads throughout your body in many ways. The purpose of cancer is to attach to a blood cell in your body and cause a plague within itself, causing the body to initially shut down and die. This disease contains many forms and have many causes to it. However its main goal is to destroy the human body.

The human body is designed so that each part is dependent on the other for one or the other reason. There is a delicate balance to the distribution of functions and the way in which each system defenses itself against any unmentionable disease or ailment.

The leading cause of cancer death for both men and women in the United States and worldwide is lung cancer. Lung cancer is responsible for thirty percent of cancer deaths in the United States. The deaths caused by breast cancer, colon cancer and prostate cancer combined do not add up to the deaths that lung cancer causes. In 2007, 158,683 people, 88,243 men and 70,354 women died from lung cancer in the United States (Eldridge, 2012). Out of the 158,683 people that died from lung cancer in 2007, 135,000 of them died of lung cancer caused by smoking cigarettes. The overall survival rate of those with lung cancer is at about fifteen percent.

Lung cancer is a genetic and acquired disease. Lung cancer is genetic because cancer in general is caused by changes to the genes that control the way our cells function, especially how they grow and divide. All of these changes include mutations in the DNA that makes up our genes. Genetic changes that increase cancer risk can be inherited from our parents, if the changes are presents in germ cells. Which are the reproductive cells of the body, those are the eggs and the sperm. Lung cancer is also acquired because as the result of errors that occur as cells divide a person’s lifetime or exposure to certain chemicals. Some examples of these chemicals are found in tobacco smoke, radiation, UV rays from the sun that damage DNA. “In general, cancer cells have more genetic changes than normal cells. But each person’s cancer has a unique combination of genetic alterations.” Some of these changes may be the result of cancer, rather than the cause. As the cancer continues to grow, additional changes will occur. Even within the same tumor, cancer cells may have different genetic changes.

Cancer-Related Fatigue (CRF) is the most common and debilitating symptoms in cancer patients, with frequency range from 60 to 90% in cancer patients (Yennurajalingam, 2014). CRF is defined as “distressing, persistent, and subjective sense of physical, emotional, and/or cognitive tiredness or exhaustion related to cancer, or cancer treatment that is not proportional to recent activity and interferes with usual function” (Yennurajalingam, 2014). Fatigue may be an isolated problem or a part of group of symptoms, such as pain, depression, decrease appetite, and sleep disturbance (www.ons.org, 2016).

Lung cancer is a tumor that affects either one or both of the lungs.A primary cancer begins in the lungs and a secondary cancer begins in another place in the body and makes its way up towards the lungs. Lung cancer is the 5th most common cancer. In Australia 59% of males were diagnosed were as 41% of Australian females were diagnosed.

Cancer Related Fatigue (CRF) is be the most distressing side effect associated with cancer therapy, while pain is the most feared side effect (Yeo & Cannaday, 2015).

According to a paper published by the Center for Diseases and Control, Lung Cancer has the highest mortality rate in the US than any other cancer type. In 2011, about 156,953 people died from the disease as about 207,000 cases of ailing lung cancer patients were diagnosed that year. This number is set to see an increase over the years if adequate care in research is not given .Song described Lung cancer, as Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) with the former being responsible for about 85% of diagnosis cases and deaths reported each year. The most common types of NSCLC include adenocarcinomas, large cell carcinomas, and squamous cell carcinomas and as expected, most of these NSCLC types are related to smoking. However, adenocarcinomas have been found in patients who never smoked. Common but inadequate ways of NSCLC treatment include surgery, radiation therapy , and chemotherapy (Witschi , 2001) but the most effective form of NSCLC treatment has been known to be targeted therapies (Nguyen et al. , 2011) . This research invention has taken cancer treatment to another level because of the specificity of the drug inhibitors used to target carcinomas, or protein kinases that involve in pathways of the cancer. Adequate research has led to efficient modifications to use of targeted-therapies for specific fusion genes that code for oncogenes and kinesin genes i.e the Kinesin Family 5B gene and the RET (Rearranged during Transcription). Song also

Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death not only in the United States of America but globally.1 According to the World Health Organization 8.2 million deaths in 2012 were cancer related and of those deaths, 1.59 million were due specifically to lung cancer.2 In 2014, there was a staggering 224,210 new reported cases of lung cancer in the United States alone. The 5-year relative survival has a 49% to 2% variability depending on the type of lung cancer, stage, and location. The two major types of lung cancer are Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCL), which consists of 85% lung cancers, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC), which makes up the other 15% of lung cancers. NSCL is an epithelial lung cancer that is histologically comprised of adenocarcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.1 Both NSCL and SCLC are insidious in nature and the presentation will usually be vague or nonspecific and include the following symptoms: cough, shortness of breath, fatigue, weight loss, recurrent infections, coughing up blood, hoarseness, and wheezing.

Cancer patients who have received chemotherapy treatment, will be affected by cancer related- fatigue. The impact of fatigue on daily functioning, including physical, mental and emotional, behavioral and social, occupational and economic effects. The mental-emotional effects of fatigue results in the need to push themselves to do things, decreased motivation or interest, and feelings of sadness, frustration, or irritability during their experiences with fatigue. Fatigue management can be bed rest and relaxation followed by diet or nutrition, vitamins, and prescription drugs (Christine at.al,

Over decades, lung cancer globally continues to be the leading killer in both genders. In the United States, smoking is responsible for 90% lung cancer deaths in men and about 80% in women. About 15 decades ago, lung cancer was not considered as the leading killer because it was an extremely rare disease about 1% in total of cancer cases. However, by the year 1927, the percentage increased into 14%. During World War I, many soldiers and civilians started smoking to release stress. Eventually, that made the lung cancer rate and smoking addiction in the population started to increase. In a research that published in 2001, lung cancer annually kills over one million people worldwide (Witschi, 2001). The death rate, which caused by lung cancer,

Cancer can be one of the hardest battles that one must face, whether that battle is lost or won, it changes the lives of everyone involved. Lung cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers and it affects the lining of the lungs and the ability to breathe. Lung cancer is the number one killer of men and women than any other cancer worldwide. This cancer is mostly found in smokers and this is why professionals are targeting this population for testing for diagnosing early and possibly saving a life (www.ncb.nlm.nih.gov). Lung cancer refers to the malignancies that originate in the airways or pulmonary parenchyma.

Lung cancer takes the lives of many at a young age and the cause isn’t always clear as of how this disease was contracted. The most popular idea of what causes lung cancer since early times has been using tobacco. Tobacco contains nicotine which is a highly addictive drug that gives a temporary feeling of relaxation. When people get addicted to nicotine, it becomes incredibly difficult for the victims to stop smoking. According to Brody, Lung cancer has been shown to take the lives of more people compared to any other form of cancer and this is the case since lung cancer is associated with life style. New information regarding lung cancer has shown that about one-fourth of those victims who are diagnosed didn’t obtain it through first hand smoking. People can obtain this illness through an “unlucky” combination of genetics (Brody).

Oscar Wilde was quoted as saying, “A cigarette is the perfect type of a perfect pleasure. It is exquisite, and it leaves one unsatisfied. What more can one want?” Unfortunately, Oscar Wilde had no idea that smoking caused lung cancer. Lung cancer is one of the most preventable diseases that exist, yet people continue to voluntarily put themselves at risk, and it still has tragic effects on the person and their family even though there are ways to treat it. The disease itself is categorized into two types, but both are eventually fatal. The cancer has several causes, but is mainly due to smoking. It has many numerous effects, both physical and emotional. However, there are still treatments and options that can prolong a cancer