Management Process and Organizational Behavior

4. Briefly describe the elements of the formal and the informal organization. Give examples of each.

Sims (2002) writes “managers motivate employees, direct the activities of others, select the most effective communication channel, or resolve conflicts among members, they are engaging in leading.”

Classical organization theory evolved during the first half of this century. It represents the merger of scientific management, bureaucratic theory, and administrative theory.

Managers perform many functions and play many roles. They are responsible for handling many situations and these situations are usually different from one another.

Organizational behavior is the study on how organizational structures affect behavior of its employees within the organization. Organizational systems is the structure that an organizations uses to organize its functions and assign responsibility to its employees. Organizational behavior in any criminal justice organization is how the superiors and the employees relate

Leadership and management are two different concepts. Management is involved with the operational oversight of employees, departments, or processes, while leadership is involved with leading the company through organizational changes that are intended to enable the company to meet its objectives. Leaders are expected to carry themselves in a positive manner to motivate and influence the rest of the organization positively, because they act as an example to the rest of the employees in the organization. Since leadership is mainly influenced by the behavior, different leaders apply different strategies to ensure that the objectives of the company have been fully met (Sheahan, 2006). This paper analyzes the leadership theories and the methods and tools given situations while selecting the appropriate behavior of different leaders in resolving some problems in the organization.

Leadership is a facet of management, is just one of the many assets a successful manager must possess and care must be taken in distinguishing between the two concepts. The main aim of a manager is to maximize the output of the organization through administrative implementation. To achieve this, managers must undertake the following functions: Organization, Planning, Staffing, Directing, and Controlling.

Managers are employees that manage workers, resources, projects and tasks. They ensure workers with the right skill sets are assigned to complete projects; additionally, they ensure resources are allotted to accomplish the projects. They also monitor the workers and project to ascertain everything is on track with the project timeline.

The world of business has undergone radical and dramatic changes in the last decade changes that present extraordinary challenges for the contemporary manager. A manager is an organizational member who is responsible for planning, organizing, leading, and controlling the activities of the organization so that the goals can be achieved. According to a widely referenced study by Henry Mintzberg, managers serve three primary roles: interpersonal, informational, and decision-making. Management is process of administrating and coordinating resources effectively and efficiently in an effort to achieve the goals of the organization.

Management involves the tactical aspect of day to day functions and who keeps control of the work environment to make sure the organization is moving forward and in the same direction of the company’s vision. Managers are faced with many responsibilities each day, one of which is managing people. The goal of a successful manager is to achieve the highest productivity of the organization by way of the people he/she manages. A manager is more of a problem solver and takes care of work areas relating to people management, time management, decision making etc.

Despite the similarity and overlap between management and leadership, “the two activities are not synonymous” (Bass, 2010). According to Algahtani (2014), “management in general is a process that is used to achieve organizational goals”. Kruse (2013) defined leadership as a “process of social influence, which maximizes the efforts of others, towards the achievement of a goal”. These definitions demonstrate some differences between leadership and management in the concepts, behaviour, operations, and the way of handling the task. The notable difference between them is the way of inspiring and motivating the people who are working in the organisation. Table (1) show the main differences between leadership

Organizational Behavior is the study and application of understanding about how people, individuals, and groups act in organizations. Its function is to assemble better relationships by achieving human objectives, organizational objectives, and social objectives. Organizational behavior involves management paying attention to the employees’ issues, both work related and personal to make the work environment a better place. Organizational Behavior explains why an organization is only as popular and proficient as it’s employees that execute daily activities. According to Hunt, Osborn, and Schermerhorn (2005), “Individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors determine the behavior and ultimate value of an organization’s employees” (p.

People should be given the liberty to decide the way they want to execute their task. Leadership should not try to curtail to this basic urge. People then become more responsible and take the ownership for it. Leadership style of the direct manger has a bearing on the morale of the direct report. Motivation can be improved through making employees feel important, giving them a degree of freedom to make choices. Managers have men at their command. They should understand the aspiration of their subordinates. Recognize their unstated

Managers are expected to do a multitude of things. A manager has to be a visionary and adaptive to meet the current demands of what is required of them at all level

According to Henry Mintzberg, the works of a manager are divided into three basic roles. The first of all is Interpersonal Roles, for example, as a manager, he or she needs to representing the company, or on the other words to be the figurehead. A manager has to represent the company to certain occasion like weddings, dinners, etc. Managers are leaders, they are the ones who have the responsibility to direct and coordinate with the other employees, they also have the ability to hire and fire the staffs. Managers spend more time outside the office to develop their business, according to Mintzberg, that is known as the liaison role.