Models Of Emotional Intelligence

There are many different definitions of what emotional intelligence is and exactly which components should be included to comprise it. The most basic model of emotional intelligence is the "four branch model" described by John Mayer and Peter Salovey in 1997. The key concepts included in the four branch model are: "emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive emotions, to access and generate emotions so as to assist thought, to understand emotions and emotional meanings, and to reflectively regulate emotions so as to promote both better emotion and thought (Mayer & Salovey, 1997).” The scientific definition of emotional intelligence, according to John Mayer, Peter Caruso and Peter Salovey is that "emotional intelligence refers to an ability to recognize the meanings of emotion and their relationships, and to reason and problem-solve on the basis of them. Emotional intelligence is involved in the capacity to perceive emotions, assimilate emotion-related feelings, understand the information of those emotions, and manage them (Mayer, Caruso, & Salovey, 2000)."

Two psychologists, John Mayer and Peter Salovey, first introduced the concept of “emotional intelligence”, or EI, in a journal article in 1990 (Goleman, 2005). It was then popularized in 1995, with the book Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ by Daniel Goleman. Goleman posited that EI is as important, if not more important, than IQ in terms of success in academics, business, and interpersonal relationships (2005).

Managing human emotions plays a critical role in everyday functioning. After years of lively debate on the significance and validity of its construct, emotional intelligence (EI) has generated a robust body of theories, research studies, and measures (Stough, Saklofske, & Parker). There has been work and many ideas by Jack Mayer, Peter Salovey, David Caruso, Daniel Goleman, and Steve Hein to name a few. All researchers have different interpretations of the term emotional intelligence and different visions of what emotional intelligence can mean for humanity (Hein, 2005). In 1985 Wayne Leon Payne, then a graduate student at an alternative liberal arts college in the USA, wrote a doctoral dissertation which included the term “emotional intelligence” in the title. This seems to be the first academic use of the term “emotional intelligence.” In the next five years no one else seems to have used the term “emotional intelligence” in any academic paper. Then in 1990 the work of two American university professors, John Mayer and Peter Salovey, was published in two academic journal articles. Mayer and Salovey were trying to develop a way of scientifically measuring the difference between people’s ability in the area of emotions. They found that some people were better than others at things like identifying their own feelings, identifying the feelings of others, and solving problems involving emotional issues. Since 1990 these professors

Living in the 21st Century one must be able to control what is important in the day to day lives. One must be able to understand the emotions of others as well as their own. In the growing work force it is becoming important as the silent generation moves into retirement and the Technology babies enters. Emotional intelligence or (EI) refers to the ability to perceive, control and evaluate emotions. Some has even felt that emotional intelligence is the characteristic of a learned behavior and can be strengthened, others believe it is something you are born with.

Emotional intelligence; also referred to as EI or EQ, is defined as, “a skill in perceiving, understanding, and managing emotions and feelings” (n.d.). The way I express myself, interact with others, demonstrate emotions and deal with stress on a consistent basis may lead to a high EQ, or low EQ, depending on my actions. I was able to take a self-assessment on the McGraw-Hill/Irwin website that provided a score for my emotional intelligence with specific areas of strengths and weaknesses included. Overall, I scored 87 out of 100 possible points, which ranks my score considerably high. Based on my results, I faired well in regards to understanding and managing my emotions in all areas of my life. Understanding emotional intelligence, and achieving a high score in similar assessments, may lead to rewarding results in many facets of life’s daily tasks and interactions. A person, who has developed a high emotional intelligence, will keep their emotions under control, strengthen relationships with those around them, and know their limitations.

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is defined, as a subset of social intelligence that encompasses an individual’s ability to perceive emotions, comprehend the emotions of oneself and others, generate emotions to assist cognition, and regulate emotions in a way that promotes emotional and intellectual growth (Mayer & Salovey, 1997; Salovey & Mayer, 1990). Individuals who possess higher levels of EI have

Emotional Intelligence (EI) the ability to recognize various emotions and how to manage them in social situations. This ability can vary between different people depending on their personality. One can determine emotional intelligence based on four traits; Self awareness, self management, empathy, and social relations.

In Webster’s world of words, emotional intelligence is defined as the capacity to be aware of,

Emotional intelligence was described formally by (Salovey & Mayer). They defined it as ‘the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions’. They also provided an initial empirical demonstration of how an aspect of emotional

Emotional Intelligence is defined as a ‘type of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one’s own and other’s emotions, to discriminate among them and to use the information to guide one’s thinking and actions’ (Salovey and Mayer, 1990: 189). According to Goleman (2001), ‘emotional intelligence comprises of 4 key components which are, Self

The analysis of scientific literature indicates that the notion of emotional intelligence has begun to attract the attention of researchers in the 90-s of the twentieth century thanks to the works of the American psychologists John D. Mayer and P. Salovey, who first used the term "emotional intelligence" and started research activities to study the phenomenon. Emotional intelligence, according to these scientists, was first defined as “the subset of social intelligence that involves the ability to monitor one’s own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions” (Salovey & Mayer, 1990, p. 190).

Emotional Intelligence (EI) has been one of the popular concepts nowadays. However, the EI conceptualization varied between researchers, resulting in distinct types of EI theory proposed. These theories differ in the conceptualization of EI and its measurement instrument. The ability theory proposed by Mayer and Salovey (1997) suggests that EI consists of the ability to appraise and express, regulate and utilize emotion. It proposed four constructs that characterize all the abilities that could add to an individual’s EI. These building blocks are in a chain of command, in which, every level integrate with one another and constructed the competence of the earlier competence. Another perspective on EI is the mixed model EI theory. The

As there is no agreed definition of EI, there is therefore no precise conceptualisation of it. There are however, two primary theoretical approaches: EI as a trait ability or EI as a mental ability (O 'Broin & McDowall, 2014). Trait EI is strongly linked to personality, particularly referring to an individual’s tendency to manage his or her emotions and is usually measured using self-report style questionnaires (Laborde, Brüll, Weber & Anders, 2011) such as the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue; Petrides, 2009). The EI as a mental ability approach considers EI as a form of intelligence. The approach defines EI as “a set of abilities that support the adaptive use of emotions as part of our cognitive process” (Rivers, Brackett, Salovey & Mayer, 2008, p. 2) and is linked to the 4 quadrant model of EI (Goleman, 1995).

Although intelligence has been studied for over a century, the study of emotional intelligence is relatively new in comparison. One commonly used definition of EI is ‘the ability to understand your own emotions and those of people around you’ (Maltby et al., 2010, p. 392). There are four main models are: The Salovey Mayer, and Caruso model (Mayer & Salovey,

The parameters for assessing one’s own emotional intelligence are mainly pegged on the ability to accurately interpret other people’s emotions and being able to design suitable responses. More importantly, emotional intelligence hinges on our ability to read