Managing is one of the most important human activities. From the time human beings began forming social organizations to accomplish aims and objectives they could not accomplish as individuals, managing has been essential to ensure the coordination of individual efforts. As society continuously relied on group effort, and as many organized groups have become large, the task of managers has been increasing in importance and complexity. Henceforth, managerial theory has become crucial in the way managers manage complex organizations.
The central thesis of this paper is that although some managers in different parts of the world could have achieved managerial success without having basic theoretical knowledge in management, it has to
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Finally, organizational leadership should be developed along lines of interpersonal relationship, teamwork, self-motivation to perform, emotional strength and maturity to handle situations, personal integrity, and general management skills.
Management Objectives, Functions, Goals, and Essentiality
Management Objectives
There are basically three management objectives. One objective is ensuring organizational goals and targets are met – with least cost and minimum waste.
The second objective is looking after health and welfare, and safety of staff. The third objective is protecting the machinery and resources of the organization, including the human resources.
Management Functions
To understand management, it is imperative that we break it down into five managerial functions, namely; planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. Planning involves selecting missions and objectives and the actions to achieve them. It requires decision-making – i.e., choosing future courses of action from among alternatives. Plans range from overall purposes and objectives to the most detailed actions to be taken. No real plan exists until a decision – a commitment
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of human and material resources – has been made. In other words, before a decision is made, all that exists is planning study, analysis, or a proposal; there is no real plan.
People working together in groups to achieve
Detailed plans are created that clearly outline the actions that an organization or particular members of
One of the organizations that I’m familiar with and I think would benefit from a change is Season’s hospice. I used to work there part-time. Individuals become eligible for hospice upon reaching a 6 month or less terminal diagnosis. Individuals have the choice of dying comfortably in a hospital, nursing facility, or their home after electing hospice. Hospice care delivers palliative care to terminally ill patients. Patients with an identifiable short prognosis receive comprehensive interdisciplinary team-based palliative care through hospice in a place where they chose. There are various problems with the the design, delivery and maintenance of
It is suggested by various text books and management tutors alike, that the mastering of the four functions of management; Planning, controlling, organising and leading along with developing technical, human and conceptual skills, should go some way to allowing a manager some degree of success in the field of management. Of course, having skills is just part of being an effective manager, these skills and functions must be communicated in a way that fellow managers and workers can understand and act upon.
You will execute your plan by inputting the decisions described below. At the same time, your
A manager is a person who supervises the work of others so that the assigned goals and targets are achieved in the most effective, efficient, and well-organized fashion (Daft 2011). A manager makes decisions for his organization, organizes, motivates, and leads its human resource, and controls its business affairs so as to achieve efficiency and superior operational performance. All the functions and responsibilities of a manager overlap each other at all the managerial levels within an organization (Basefsky, Maxwell, Post, & Turner 2004). Leadership is one of the core functions of a manager. This leadership function essentially requires the leader to be specialized in all other management functions in order to lead his followers effectively and efficiently (Leatherman 2008). Therefore, it is strongly believed that a person must have to be a good manager in order to become an effective leader. This paper critically examines this statement in the light of relevant literature; including books, research papers, and journal articles.
Leadership and management are two opposing styles of employee supervision actively used with in the organization. It has lots of similarities, yet there are many differences that separate a manager from a leader. Bateman and Snell, 2008 stated that “Management is the process of working with people and resources, to accomplish organizational goal” (p19). Leadership is a manner in which a leader aspires to persuade his or her team to launch and achieve organizational goal. This paper will discuss the difference between management and leadership, the roles
Sociotechnical Systems Theory, Quantitative Management, Organizational Behavior, and Systems Theory are The Four Contemporary Approaches to Management.
"Decision making is the cognitive process leading to the selection of a course of action among alternatives." Usually the decision making process is implemented resulting from an identified problem that needs to be addressed and remedied. Each decision making process produces a final choice, which is called a decision. Planning is an integral part of the process. Without an organized plan, a final decision will be very difficult to achieve.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to: ✓ Describe what management is, why management is important, what managers do, and how managers utilise organisational resources efficiently and effectively to achieve organisational goals. ✓ Distinguish among planning, organising, leading and controlling (the four principal managerial functions), and explain how managers’ ability to handle each one can affect organisational performance. ✓ Differentiate among levels of management, and understand the responsibilities of managers at different levels in the organisational hierarchy. ✓ Identify the roles managers perform, the skills they need to execute
The Primary Article is: Carroll, S. and Gillen, D. (1987) Are the Classical Management Functions Useful in Describing Managerial Work? Academy of Management Review 12(1), pp. 38-51.
Amazon is an online retailer that is very familiar in many homes all around the world. I personally love shopping on amazon, because I can find almost anything I need electronically, books, now even furniture. I got my first real experience with amazon when I wanted to upgrade my cell phone, but even my cell phone carrier wanted a ridiculous amount for the phone I wanted. Even though I have been a customer for years the (SPRINT) wouldn’t budge on the price. So after a little shopping around, even looked at rival carriers with thoughts of possibly switching, I came across the same phone on amazon. I did a few price matching but the deal amazon had been unbeatable. Now the phone was 300 dollars
Peter Spurgeon and Robert Cragg (2007) contend the current attention paid to the importance of leadership has diminished the value and contribution of management. The discussion concerning leadership and management, at the most extreme, is inclined to portray leadership as 'good' and management as 'bad'. These constraints are rooted in the proposition that people do not want to be managed, with its connotations of bureaucracy and control, but are happy to follow a leader toward a vision. At the core of this perception is the belief that leaders are concerned with the future and with the people in the system, while managers are focused upon greater efficiency and immediate results.
Over the past two decades, Apple has established itself as one of the pre-eminent names in consumer electronics. A large part of its success is due to great customer service in a world that has largely forgotten about customer service. Apple is well known for having competent and caring workers throughout its ranks, including its store workers. Managing such a diverse store and employee base would present unique challenges and would take a special type of individual. That is why I intend to learn about the management style and behaviour necessary to succeed in this role.
"Management is the organizational process that includes strategic planning, setting objectives, managing resources, deploying the human and financial assets needed to achieve objectives, and measuring results. Management also includes recording and storing facts and information for later use or for others within the organization. Management functions are not limited to managers and supervisors. Every member of the organization has some management and reporting functions as part of their job." (Knowledge Management Terms, 2009)
As you may know, different management styles are required in different parts of the world. It is important to choose the right management style for each situation, which is a key to success for an organization. All managers use a management process which consists of planning, organizing, leading and controlling. So they have to perform many roles in an enterprise. What they can do with various situations will totally depend on their style of management. A management style is an overall method of leadership used by a manager (Lessem et al, 1999). This essay will first demonstrate different types of management styles, and then discuss three key factors that can influence management style, with reference to Japan and America.