Muscles Involved In A Free Throw Essay

balance of the body also flexion on the back leg when the ball is being released ending in a plantar flexion position .

Muscle contraction can be understood as the consequence of a process of transmission of action potentials from one neuron to another. A chemical called acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter released from the presynaptic neuron. As the postsynaptic cells on the muscle cell membrane receive the acetylcholine, the channels for the cations sodium and potassium are opened. These cations produce a net depolarization of the cell membrane and this electrical signal travels along the muscle fibers. Through the movement of calcium ions, the muscle action potential is taken into actual muscle contraction with the interaction of two types of proteins, actin and myosin.

In order for maximum force to be generated, a tennis player needs a good stable base from where they can begin the movement. The tennis serve begins with flexion of the knee joint caused by the hamstrings. Then comes extension of the knees as well as hip flexion to start the movement - both of these movements are initiated by the quadriceps. The Erector Spinae muscle causes trunk extension to allow the abdominals to fully flex the trunk and generate the force that is then transferred to the upper body. The deltoids and pectorals major are used to flex the shoulder. These muscles are used to accelerate the whole arm while also stabilising the shoulder. Once the arm has begun to accelerate towards the ball, the tricep brachii is then used to

Struzik, Artur, Bogdan Pietraszewski, and Jerzy Zawadzki. "Biomechanical Analysis of the Jump Shot in Basketball." Journal of Human Kinetics. Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego W Katowicach, 10 Oct. 2014. Web. 27 Oct. 2015.

The upper extremities are linked to the shaft by means of the shoulder girdle. These parts of the body includes; the shoulder girdle together with the shoulder blade and collar bone, the upper arm together with the humerus, the lower arm with the radius, the hand with carpus and lastly the metacarpus and fingers. During the implication of the different types of the serve, the extremities are used in different ways in that, they are involved in different movement and different types of the muscles in them are also required participating in the

Without the movement of the lower body, a shot would end up anywhere but the back of the net. The lower body helps a player produce a straight shot so the ball winds up leaving the stick in the direction that the shooter intended.

In this phase the athlete is standing in a neutral position holding the ball. The metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal (great and lesser toes) are held at slight flexion pressed against the ground by an isometric contraction of the flexor halluces longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum longus. The ankle is plantar flexed using an isometric contraction of the gastrocnemius and the soleus. The tibiofermoral (knee) joints are slightly flexed by a isomectric contraction of the quadriceps muscles (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius). The acetabularfemoral (hip) joint is held at a postion of slight flexion through an isometric contraction of the biceps femoris, pectineus, iliacus, and the psoas. The intervertebral (lumbar) joint is extended by an isometric contraction using the erector spinae. The atlantooccipital (cervical spine) joint is flexed by an isometric contraction erector spinae. Both scapulothroracic (shoulder girdle) joint is protracted by an isometric contraction of the serratus anterior and pectoralis minor. The glenohumeral (shoulder) joint is at internal rotation by an isometric contraction using the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, and the subscapularius. The humeroulnar (elbow) joint is at 90 degrees of flexion by an isometric contraction using the biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and brachialis. The radiocarpal (wrist left and right)

during these movements, the angles of those joints, as well as the muscles involved during the

There are many muscle groups at play in the smooth, fluid motion of pitching. Muscles in the shoulder, arm, back, and legs are all required to deliver a pitch. Pectoralis major, Subscapularis, Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor and Latissimus dorsi are all used to generate arm speed and increase pitch velocity (NCBI). However, the kinematic chain requires more than just these muscles to transfer the velocity to the ball. “Most people think pitching is all in the arm, but having a solid base is crucial to commanding pitches,” says Peyton. “Strength and conditioning for my legs and back are a really important part of my training; it helps me get a good foundation.” Legs and core are essential to generating velocity and maintaining stability throughout the pitching motion.

The shoulder is a ball and socket joint which allows it a flexion and extension motion.

free throw. I thought by looking more closely at the details of a movement I

Figure 2. A photo of professional soccer player David Beckham in both stages of the instep kick demonstrating flexion of the knee and plating of the foot. Taken from: O’leary, C. (n.d) Retrieved fromhttp://www.chrisoleary.com/projects/Soccer/Essays/FreeKickMechanics_DavidBeckham.html.

Once in the air, the left arm swings down first as a guide hand, then the right arm follows and contacts the top of the ball while snapping the wrist. Then follow through to the right hip. It is important to land on both of your feet instead of just one to refrain from injury.

The authors conducted this study to see how and when this ability in humans evolved by studying the mechanics used in throwing. They compared the mechanics of throwing of humans to that of chimpanzees. The authors said that previous studies found that the internal rotator muscles are responsible fort the power of the human throw. The investigators hypothesize that the elastic energy storage is the important source for this power. They also stated that other features of the human shoulder are important in storing this energy and

There are many aspects to the game of basketball and physics can be applied to all of them. Although to be good at basketball it is not necessary to play it from a physics point of view. Basketball players become good by developing muscle memory for the actions that must be performed in the game of basketball from years of practice. Nevertheless knowing some of the physics in the game of basketball can help a good player be a better player. In this paper I will cover the three most important aspects of the game, shooting, dribbling and passing.