Financial Management
What factors drive average daily spot hire rates?
The average daily spot hire rates is determined by supply and demand. However, it is not entirely fluctuated with the economy. Since the shipping business could be customized by different requirement, such as market demand for across the global economy, the size of ship and the age of vessel, the number of current ships in service, expected number of ships to be commissioned and the performance of current or future ships to reduce required supply, these factors could derail the hire rate away from the demand curve of iron ore. As shown in the Table I, the correlation coefficient between iron ore vessel shipments and average spot rate from 1994 to 2000 is
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NPV increases as the life of ship increases. However, the incremental value keeps decreasing from 15 years to 25 years and closed to 0 at the age of 25. It is indicated that 25 years would be the optimal NPV of this project. Ocean
Carriers should choose 25 years as their project life cycle.
NPV in different project life cycle
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Figure II the NPV comparison between 15 years and 25 years in Hong Kong and U.S
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* Taxation and salvage: Tax regulation in every country is different, so the company should consider it when calculating NPV. Also, it should clarify the depreciation expense and interest expense to
Relationship between Age and Ship Price: From the regression, we find that as the ship ages by one year, the price of the ship drops by $ 4.54 mln. This makes sense because as with any other vehicle or asset, the efficiency of the ship drops with age. As it gets older, the carrying value of the ship lowers due to depreciation.
2. The current NPV is negative. One way to save money would be to reduce consulting costs. Please set the average consulting cost per month in cell b33 to $5000. At what discount rate is the NPV for the project 0?_____0.026____
The reason is that the NPV of U.S. company for the 15-year project is $-8,180,953.79(US15) and the NPV value of Hong Kong company is $-403,998.93(HK15). In both circumstances, the company would lose money by selling it at 15 years.
It follows that the NPV at t=0 can be found by discounting the above number three years at 12% -- doing so you get a value of $0.2669 million – which is an estimate of what you pay for the sequel right at t=0.
The general economic climate is another external factor however it relates to the product market. This can affect the employment relationship as there will be a drop in demand of products should the
In the case of Worldwide Paper Company we performed calculations to decide whether they should accept a new project or not. We calculated their net income and their cash flows for this project (See Table 1.6 and 1.5). We computed WPC’s weighted average cost of capital as 9.87%. We then used the cash flows to calculate the company’s NPV. We first calculated the NPV by using the 15% discount rate; by using that number we calculated a negative NPV of $2,162,760. We determined that the discount rate of 15% was out dated and insufficient. To calculate a more accurate NPV for the project, we decided to use the rate of 9.87% that we computed. Using this number we got the NPV of $577,069. With the NPV of $577,069 our conclusion is to accept this
2. Net Present Value – Secondly, Peter needs to investigate the Net Present Value (NPV) of each project scenario, i.e. job type, gross margin, and # new diamonds drills purchased. The NPV will measure the variance of the present value of cash outflow (drilling equipment investment) versus the future value of cash inflows (future profits), at the benchmark hurdle rate of 20%. A positive NPV associated with the investment means that the investment should be undertaken as it exceeds the minimum rate of return. A higher NPV determines which project scenario will have the highest return on cash flow, hence determining the most profitable investment in terms of present money value.
Question 5: What threats exist for the future performance of the cruise-line industry and, specifically, of Carnival Cruise Lines? If you were in charge of Carnival, how would you (a) try to prevent these threats from becoming reality and (b) deal with them if they did become reality?
Based off a financial analysis using the data Ocean Carriers has provided, the final recommendation is that Ocean Carriers should build a new ship out of its Hong Kong base where the tax rate is 0% and scrap the ship when it is 25 years old. Following this recommendation would be the only scenario where Ocean Carriers sees a positive net present value
2) Will we also assume the length and proposed annual benefits for the following years in the NPV analysis?
The guarantee of work, an excellent benefit that offers to employees and the quality of training program at the Seafarers Harry Lundeberg School of Seamanship are the reasons why I want to be a Merchant Mariner. A Merchant Mariner career provide an established job and the outstanding of income to the seamen moreover, it also offers a great benefit to cover their family. With the prospect of jobs demand a merchant mariner has opportunities for growth in the marine jobs and it has high level demand to serve the maritime shipping industry, particularly in the private sector like a cruise ship and cargo industry that operate around the world. These private sector depend on the Merchant Mariners to perform preventative maintenance on equipment and delivery cargo on time. Base on the world consumer and the US economy depend on cargo ship and Cruise ships to support gross domestic product.
Lastly, an alternative that can be taken is to build relationships with various large companies with employees who make an income in the target range and make offers to company executives. This method would not downplay the company image because Cunard would be communicating directly with high-income executives and furthermore will not be making any public sales or advertisements. This method would create new potential customers who are directly in the target market of choice using the method of relationship building. This may also result in additional customer retention. This method can be used for both the four and five star ships. In order to attract the target market of the five star ships, Cunard can make an arrangement with a company to offer a deal with their luxury ships as part of a retirement plan.
This will contribute to an increase in vessels at the port. The key incremental Quantifiable Benefits are outlined below.
For the engine cost, there is also a positive correlation thus; increase in this cost may also vary in the increase in average age of fleet per hour. However, on this cost, only 61% is determined in the regression equation. Like in the airframe cost, there will be additional 2.6 in cost for every hour of average age in thousands.