Orconectes Propinquus Experiment

Therefore this experiment was to determine that lobsters in various salinities will osmoconform to their environment. In order to test that lobster's osmoconform, we had to extract approximately 1.0 ml hemolymph from their hemocyannin on the ventral first section of the pre-branchial region. The hemolymph was spun for three minutes in a microcentrifuge and the serum was then tested on an osmometer, which determined the osmolarity of the hemolymph. The results substantiated the hypothesis, in that, lobsters internal osmoles fluctuate with the salinity of the external environment. The two lobsters in the low salinity tank had the lowest osmolarity 0.746 osmoles; the two lobsters in the normal salinity had 0.873 osmoles. The last tank with the highest salinity had the lobsters with the highest osmolarity at 1.445 osmoles. Therefore our data suggests that lobster's osmoconform, with respect to the salinity of their environment by readjusting their intracellular solute concentration to prevent swelling or dehydration because the osmolarity of their hemolymph dictates that of the environment.

To determine the metabolic rate of a goldfish two different methods can be applied, direct or indirect calorimetry. Direct calorimetry analyzes the exothermic reaction when ATP is produced by measuring the amount of heat that is released. Meanwhile, indirect calorimetry measures the amount of carbon dioxide or oxygen because both are components of aerobic respiration, a process which repeatedly supplies more ATP to match the demands of metabolic rate of an organism. Evidently, metabolic rate is the cumulative sum of energy used by all the cells. Most of this energy comes from regulating homeostasis, locomotion and thermoregulation. On the other hand, ectotherms like goldfish have a slight difference in their metabolic rates because their internal temperature directly correlates with the temperature of their environment. For this reason, ectotherms use less energy because they do not need to worry about thermoregulation, maintaining constant body temperature. However, temperature, size, amount of light and stimulus are factors that can affect metabolism of goldfish. Thus, this experiment will measure the metabolic rate of goldfish through in

Ectothermic animals are animals whose body temperature is affected by their surroundings. This means that if the environment is cold the animal will be cold. If the environment is warm the animal will be warm. This is because the animal doesn’t have the capability of regulating its body systems to keep a constant body temperature. When an ectothermic animal is cold, its heart rate will lower. When the animal is warmer, the heart rate will raise – as long as the temperature isn’t sufficiently high to harm the animal. (Campbell, 2005)

In this lab, we are going to try to answer the question, Does body size affect endotherms metabolic rates? This question is very controversial among scientists. They’ve only agreed on one thing, there are different scalings between animals, but they don 't know how that affects metabolism and why (Hoppler and Weibel 2005). Some scientist’s studies show that body size in endotherms does affect metabolism rate due to SA/V ratios. The ratios affect the endotherms metabolism based on how high or low the SA/V ratio is. An animal with a larger SA/V ratio puts off more heat to their environment. This results in smaller animals having to burn through their food more to maintain their body temperature (“Unit 4 Demos More on Metabolic Rate”). What led us to the formation of our experiment was the experiment performed in the article Smith et al. (2015). In

The Effect of Temperature on Animal Respiration Renee King 001420538 TA: Oliver Biology 3U03 L01 This lab examined the effect of temperature on the rate of oxygen consumption by measuring VO2. Effects were observed in goldfish, frogs, and mice, which each use different mechanisms for thermoregulation. The average rate of oxygen consumption by goldfish increased from an average of 0.175 mL g-1 h-1 at 5֯ C to 0.288 mL g-1 h-1 at 25 ֯C which was a 64% increase. The average rate of oxygen consumption by the frog was higher at 5֯ C than at 25 ֯C. At both temperatures, the rate of oxygen consumption increased over time.

C. An unknown, rectangular substance measures 3.6 cm high, 4.21 cm long, and 1.17 cm wide.

Temperature had a direct effect on oxygen consumption of crayfish, Orconectes propinquus. Crayfish acclimated to warm temperature (20 to 25 C) had a mean mass of 8.25g +/- 1.05. Crayfish acclimated to cold temperature (3 to 5 C) had a mean mass of 10.61g +/- 0.77. Oxygen consumption rates of 30-60 minute treatments were used and there was no significant difference between the two different treatments (t=0.48, df=58, P=0.70). The data from 0-30 minutes were not used because the crayfish were disrupted by transportation and the data were not normally distributed. The Q10 value was 1.05, representing that there was full compensation for oxygen consumption for the crayfish at two different acclimated temperatures. The oxygen consumption of crayfish was not affected significantly by two different temperatures (Figure 1).

Students will carefully observe acts of aggression and prosocial behavior on television, report their observations, and analyze their data to draw conclusions.

Ectotherms experience many changes in their physiological and biochemical processes based on their surrounding temperature. Temperature can alter the way an ectotherm uses its energy in its daily activities. Researchers often measure this pattern of energy usage by looking at organismal metabolic rate. The metabolic rate can be described as all of the chemical processes occurring in a body. It is commonly determined by either the rate of production of CO2 or the rate of consumption of O2 (Nespolo et al. 2003).

The respiration rate for the control goldfish ranged from 123 to 140 breaths per minute, which was not a significant change. On average, the cold-water treatments caused a significant decrease in breaths per minute by the end of the experiment. The average the breathing rates of goldfish subjected to temperatures less than 22°C decreased from a rate of 96 breaths per minute at the start of the experiment, to 56 breaths per minute at the end (Figure 1). The experimental fish in Group #1 ranged from 115 to 50 breaths per minute. Overall, the control fish’s breath rates generally remained constant, and the temperature-stressed goldfish had rates that decreased rapidly from start to finish.

The test subjects, O. rusticus crayfish, were collected from the White River.. Body length and body weight were measured with the use of a measuring tape and a gram scale. The rate of oxygen consumption was studied by the use of intermittent closed respirometry with a Q-box AQUA device. This was conducted by measuring the amount of dissolved oxygen present in the water chamber without removing the organism from the container so as to demonstrate the amount of oxygen consumed by the crayfish over a given set of time. By periodically measuring the amount of oxygen present in the water at an interval of twice per second, the rate of oxygen consumption can be

The concentration of solutes in the bodily fluids of most marine invertebrates is roughly isosmotic to their environment (Raven, 2008). Because there is no osmotic gradient there is no tendency for the net diffusion of water away from the animal’s cells to occur. When a change in salinity occurs some organisms have the ability to maintain a constant internal homeostasis despite these external changes and are known as osmoregulators (Oxford, 2008). Other animals lack this ability and as such are called osmoconformers; their internal osmolarity matches that of their

In general, the rate of physiological processes increase as the temperature and oxygen concentration increase (Buentello et al., 2000). The main controlling factor for fish or shrimp feeding, metabolism, and growth is temperature. The growth rate is reduced if the energy demand of increased metabolic rate exceeds the gain from increased food consumption (Brett, 1979). When the food supply is not limiting, the specific growth rate of most aquatic species increases with rising temperature (Talbot,

It all has to do with the concentrations of solutes in the blood stream of the animal. Some crustaceans rely on cell

Two crab species, Plagusia and Cyclograpsus, were collected from a local estuary in the littoral and deep water zone for osmoregulation studies. To examine differences in osmoregulatory mechanisms among the species, haemolymph of the specimens was extracted once they were acclimated to varying concentrations of seawater. Using the comparative melting-point, capillary tubes were filled with small samples of seawater and blood then frozen and melted in a -15˚C ethanol bath. The melting time of each was observed thereafter. Subject’s time range fell over 17 minutes of which the majority of the most salinated samples melted