Personality Emotions And Hostile Cognition

The general aggression model (GAM) is the most contemporary theory of aggression as of 2015. The GAM, as discussed by Anderson and Bushman (2002), focuses on addressing and discovering the biological, environmental, psychological, and social factors that influence aggression. This aggression model “accounts for both short- and long-term effects of an extensive range of variables of aggression (Warburton & Anderson, 2015, p.375)” due to its biosocial-cognitive approach. Benjamin (2016) describes the opportunity for appraisal presented within this theory. GAM articulates the influences on a person’s immediate appraisal of the situation. “This immediate appraisal occurs automatically, and includes an interpretation of the situation and an

One characteristic of a Type A personality type is hostility and feelings of anger and irritation. Hostility predisposes people to heart disease by causing people to be suspicious, mistrustful, cynical and pessimistic. Hostile people generally feel angry, annoyed, resentful, and contemptuous. Hostile people usually have a greater and more intense reactions to stressors. Their heart rates and blood pressures increase more than the heart rates and blood pressures of non-hostile people. Hostile people also tend to make their lives more stressful by their own volition, due to their pessimistic attitude toward life. They are more likely to view their stress as negative and face the cardiovascular consequences of having their blood vessels constantly constricted. This leads to health problems such as heart disease.

By letting stress fester in the mind, the build up of worries and emotions can cause a violent outburst. The husband, after saving up the stress and anger throughout his day, he completely explodes at his family. With several attempts to suppress it by drinking beers and showering he is still caught in a chaotic mix which is his home life. Eventually he finally reaches his breaking point and snaps at his wife and children. He shouts, “‘Everybody has to shut up! I can't stand this today! I got to relax some!’ she came back at him screaming to, ‘I can't stand you!’ he leaves ‘You don't talk to me like that!’ she came right up to him. ‘You going to hit me she?!’ she dared him”(Gilb 358). The stress

(February 2014) Similar to this study I used a stress scale although, I reduced mine to a scale between: 1-5. “5” being the highest level of stress. The Stress in America study used a Perceived Stress Scale that participants self-monitored their stress levels by answering where they would answer such questions as “how often have you felt irritable and angry in the last month” and they could answer,(very often, sometimes, never etc.) For my purposes I asked myself the following three questions and used the following rating system to determine my stress levels that day.(Angus, n.d.)

Frequent intense but inhibited bouts of anger lead to an increase in frequency of transient myocardial ischemia (brief period of inadequate blood flow to the heart-painless, but seen as a precursor to heart attack)

Based on the theories of self-identity, aggression plays a major role where individuals seek to establish their identity. In order for individuals to identify themselves they sometimes require a form of opposition that can be manifested through aggression. In general, most of our activities as human beings are a mixture of negative and positive forms of aggression

1.) Summary: Kelly McGonigal who is a health psychologist gives a thought-provoking lecture called “How to Make Stress Your Friend” at an official TED conference in June 2013. During the first part of the presentation, Ms. McGonigal confesses to the crowd that she been teaching about stress completely wrong, “Basically, I’ve turned stress into the enemy. But I have changed my mind about stress…” Ms. McGonigal emphasizes the point that people who view stress as not harmful (not their enemy), were less likely to die to people who view stress as their enemy; therefore, when people change their mind about stress, they can change their body response to stress to make them healthier. As the presentation gets further along, Kelly McGonigal states how oxytocin plays a huge role in controlling stress. This neuro-hormone, which is released during stress, motivates you to seek support, which is the reason why stress makes you social. At the same time, oxytocin acts

The effects of stress and heart disease is explained in a study Chida and Steptoe (2009), in which investigators looked at populations of people in healthy known areas, and assessed in total twenty five different studies. Anger and hostility has a positive relationship with coronary heart disease and was greater in men compared to women. Their findings also showed that individuals who had cardiac arrest and were resuscitated, twenty five percent admitted to feeling extremely stressed with work and family instances just twenty four hours before they had cardiac arrest. Daily activities that provoked moderate, acute stress demonstrated lower levels of blood supply to the hearts muscle. Deanfield et al. (1984)

Stress is one of the number one causes that contribute to people’s health problems. According to Weber.edu, “in Healthy People 2000, a report from the U.S.

First of all, what is stress? According to the authors, "stress is experienced as a biochemical reaction within the body due to the way in which we interpret and respond to external pressures which may be positive or negative" (Cahn & Abigail, 2014). So then, what is anger? Anger is considered to be a strong feeling of displeasure, a synonym for antagonism and rage (Cahn & Abigail, 2014). Stress and anger affects the communication in conflict resolutions because emotions are running high and they cause us not to actively listen to the other party making conflict resolution difficult to resolve.

A person with a defensive personality may feel as though they are being attacked and to cope with it they need to defend their choice of words and actions when they are dealing with other individuals. My younger sister, Carlee, has a defensive personality. We have the same mother, but different fathers. This caused us to be raised in different situations. She has moved around a lot, going from my dad’s house, to our mom’s house, and to her dad’s house. She did not have a set place where she could call her “home”. Generally, Carlee is a good kid and listens, and does not argue too much. However, as siblings usually do, there are quarrels between us. She will get overly defensive and extremely furious very easily. She overreacts to

In life, we encounter situations that we put ourselves in and then need a way to not place the blame where it should be. Like, failing a test and blaming the teacher when you know you didn’t study. Or, something happens to us that we aren’t quite ready to accept. For example, not getting a passing grade then ignoring it and not taking the proper steps like retaking it. By behaving as if you didn’t fail the class and not retaking it while you have time can result in a possible additional semester of school so you could graduate. This action represents defense mechanisms we may use to protect ourselves from. These reactions to

In this study, we looked at the relationships between friendliness and hostility and agreeableness in college students. We hypothesized that students who were high in friendliness would also be high in agreeableness, while being low in hostility. We expected a strong correlation with agreeableness, and a slightly strong correlation with hostility. However, when looking at all three traits we found that agreeableness, while being the big umbrella it is, might not fully account for traits underneath it. As well as friendliness and hostility having a stronger negative correlation than we anticipated.

“Stress is a silent disease” (Doctor Hobel). Over the years, stress has played a major rule in a large majority of people’s lives throughout the United States. When thought about, it is said to be extremely surprising as to how many people really have stress in each individual’s life. People do not consider what the reasons are for the feelings and emotions they experience. There are all different types of stress, and stress can do a lot to a person. Each person also handles stress in a different way. Some can handle more than others, because every single person’s body works in a different way. Stress has also been told to cause people to act out of character (Dr. David Posen). They often do not act the way they usually would while under

al., 2012; Zhang, Roberts, Liu, Meng, Tang, Sun, & Yu, 2012). Trait anger has even been positively correlated with financial risk taking and lower motor control (Bresin & Robinson, 2013; Gambetti & Giusberti, 2014). In a recent study conducted by Agaoglu & Esen (2014), results showed that mostly when the wellness level of the students is increased, the trait anger levels are decreased. Research has also shown that implementing health-promoting anger managing behaviors into lifestyles could decrease the harmful effects of inflammatory responses in postmenopausal women (Gross, Groer, & Thomas,