Abstract
In this study, we looked at the relationships between friendliness and hostility and agreeableness in college students. We hypothesized that students who were high in friendliness would also be high in agreeableness, while being low in hostility. We expected a strong correlation with agreeableness, and a slightly strong correlation with hostility. However, when looking at all three traits we found that agreeableness, while being the big umbrella it is, might not fully account for traits underneath it. As well as friendliness and hostility having a stronger negative correlation than we anticipated.
Keywords: Friendliness, Hostility, Agreeableness, Personality
Friendliness in College-age Students In this study we aimed to look at the personality trait of friendliness. Friendliness can be defined as the good nature, amiability of one’s personality. In other words: how agreeable and outgoing one is towards others. Friendliness has been found to be more prevalent in females than males (Moskowitz, 1993), and has been found to be generalized across situations. In this research we want to look at college students to see if there is any significance between friendliness and aggressiveness. To do this we have created our own friendliness scale and compared it to the Iowa State Hostility Scale (Dill, Anderson, Anderson, & Deuser, 1997) and the agreeableness items from the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) (Gosling, Augustine, Vazire, Holtzman, & Gaddis, 2011).
People who score high in agreeableness means that people is trusting, humble, and more to a team player (De Janasz, Wood, Gottschalk, Dowd, and Schneider, 2007, p.23). Conscientiousness is the drive to accomplish something, therefore people who have high score in conscientiousness are usually more organised and dependable (De Raad, Perugini (2002, p.8). Meanwhile, a person who scores high in emotional stability can be described as reactive while also worrying. Lastly, an individual who has high score in openness usually are curious, liberal, and has broad interests.
People high in agreeableness tend to be trusting, friendly and cooperative. (27) Is about average. Factor III conscientiousness, this trait reflects how organized and persistent we are in pursuing our goals. High scorers are methodical, well organized and dutiful. (45) Is relatively high. Factor IV neuroticism, this trait reflects the tendency to experience negative thoughts and feelings. High scorers are prone to insecurity and emotional distress. Low scorers tend to be more relaxed, less emotional and less prone to distress. (14) Is relatively low. Factor V openness, this trait reflects 'open-mindedness' and interest in culture. Low scorers are more down-to-earth, less interested in art and more practical in nature. (16) Is relatively low.
Hostility, a chronic state of anger may be considers as a negative attitude of an individual accumulated due to scorn (disrespect), rejection and hatred (all put together) and a conscious intention to hurt others. This intension can be covert (like gossip, slander) or blatant (like verbal/ physical fighting or a legal suit). Because hostility is an emotional reaction between people, it is rarely affected by logic or “clear thinking”. Berkowitz (1993) says sudden unpleasant situations automatically generates negative emotions, including primitive anger feelings and hostile or flight impulses, even before the person has time to think about what has happened or what to do about it. In combative situations
Many researchers such as R. Bryne 1971 and Newcomb 1956 have proved that people who share similar traits are more likely to surround themselves with one another. Utilizing the campus of Clark Atlanta University random students will be asked to participate in an online survey and it will also request that the survey be taken by a random friend to which the subject will chose. Questions on the survey will be erratically picked from the Myer- Briggs personality test. Once this survey is taken by the randomly selected persons and their friends, it will be determined which one of the types of personalities each person fits. This survey method will be used because it is easy to compare the personality preference of each individual, which in term will explain why each group consists of a particular
From the beginning of one’s life, people interact with one another, immediately creating new relationships. The type of relationships humans develop is determined by an individual’s personality. Based upon the Big Five Factor Model, there are five broad personality traits to describe humans (Costa, 1992). The Big Five traits are openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (Matthews, Deary, & Whiteman, 2003). This five-factor model has been the basis of many studies within the field of psychology. Previous research has examined gender differences in the Big Five personality traits in fifty-five nations (Schmidt, Realo, Voracek, & Allik, 2008). Schmidt, Realo, Voracek, and Allik (2008) found that across the fifty-five nations there was no significance in average. They found that women reported higher in average conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism than
Prior research from Baron, Smith, Butner, Nealey-Moore, Hawkins, and Uchino (2006) used the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, a 29-item questionnaire that assesses four personality components, to measure anger and hostility. The personality components were hostility, anger, physical aggression and verbal aggression. Research suggests that the association between hostility and health may be due to increased physiological reactivity to interpersonal stressors, increased psychosocial vulnerability in the form of increased social conflict and decreased social support, and the transactional process of creating more hostile interpersonal environment (Smith, 1992). Thus meaning that stress may conflict with the way people
Weisberg, Y. J., De Young, C. G., & Hirsh, J. B. (2011). Gender Differences In Personality
Personality refers to a complex set of emotional and behavioral attributes that tend to remain mostly constant as the individual goes from one situation to another situation. Over the last hundred years, tests have been deployed to measure personality characteristics. Psychologists and some criminologists have identified several personality traits that are linked to aggressive or criminal behavior. Caspi and his colleagues surmise that negative emotionality and constraint are a constellation of personality traits that might be linked to criminal involvement. Miller and Lynam conducted a meta-analysis of nearly 60 studies, over a course of time, that examined personality and antisocial behavior. They found that antisocial individuals tend to score rather low on scales of agreeableness and conscientiousness. They are otherwise
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As part of the study of mind and behavior in humans, psychology has expanded the comprehension of personality traits by dividing the most important into five characteristics known as the “big five.” The big five personality traits consist of extraversion, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. Throughout the investigation of personality traits in young men and women, researchers found the persistent changes to be a product of psychiatric and anxiety disorders developed in college students. The study mainly focuses on extroversion or sociability skills and neuroticism, the tendency to negativity and being in a long-term anxious state. The results of multiple studies on neuroticism “[confirmed] the strong association between
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I’m sure you’ve heard the cliché saying, “nice guys finish last” before; however, many people defend the platitude and say things like “It’s not true that nice guys finish last. Nice guys are winners before the game even starts.” So, what is the truth here? Do people justify the answer based on their beliefs? Or are nice individuals actually at a disadvantage? Pay close attention, because the effects of agreeableness just might be impacting your life negatively.
Personality is something that humans take pride in having. Being that it is one of the most difficult things for researchers to study due to its complexity and its habit of changing, but for everyone else, it can be carried around with ease. Sometimes it is treated like an accessory, something that is shown off or it inspected by other people. Personality is also how one person is described to another. Being the social creatures that humans are, being able to describe people to each other requires the entirety of a personality to be subdivided into specific tendencies that a person may have. The subdivision of person’s personality leaves cracks in how it is understood, but it allows people able to more efficiently describe personality as well as study it.
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