Physiology Of Fluid Balance And The Functions Of The Main Cell Components

The endoplasmic reticulum is specialised for protein processing and lipid biosynthesis. One of its primary functions is to regulate the ionic concentration in the cytoplasm via the movement of Ca2+, via ionic pumps and channels. It also contains enzymes responsible for the metabolising of drugs. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can come in two forms. As depicted in Fig. 2 Rough ER has ribosomes present as part of the membrane of the organelle, and together with these ribosomes takes polypeptides and amino acids from the cytosol and synthesises proteins destined for attachment to cell membranes. It is in the lumen of the rough ER that the proteins are folded into the specific three dimensional shapes that are so important for biochemical recognition and linking sites [6]. It is called rough because of the presence of ribosomes makes the surface of the membrane look rough, unlike smooth ER, which lacks the ribosomes so the membrane looks smooth. Rough ER is composed of a large but convoluted flattened sac. The main function of the smooth ER is the production of lipids and the metabolism of compounds (such as the breakdown of glycogen into glucose). Because of the different functions between the rough and smooth ER, different specialised cells will have different amounts of each; for example, hepatic

For a plant cell, the nucleus, without a doubt, is the most important organelle; but in the animal cell, the most vital structure is the mitochondria.

The fluid surrounding the cells called tissue fluid are bother watery environment. Also, it’s the outside of any large cell. The function is to protect the cells from the surroundings. It also allows things to enter in and out of the cell this will maintain the support of cell and shape. Nucleus

There are many parts of a cell, they all have specific duties, and are all

Essentially, the nucleus is vital for the cell’s survival. The nucleus controls and gives instructions to all organelles and inhabitants of the cell(Doc. 2). It is a dense, ball shaped configuration that contains the DNA of the cell.

Nucleus (A20): The structure that the genetic material is stored in. In the center of the cell.

“So, this is Mike the Mitochondria and he is the main power source. His specialty is cellular respiration which is when he breaks down food molecules to make ATP.”

▪ Know the functions of the various organelles, e.g., glyoxysomes, peroxisomes, ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, rough and smooth ER, Golgi, etc.

There are two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum the Smooth ER and the Rough ER. you can distinguish that both of the ER’s are different to each other, this is shown in the diagram above that one is smooth ER and the other is rough ER the rough ER has ribsomes attracted to it while the smooth ER does not have ribosomes attached to it. The two ER’s have different function to each other.

The nucleus is the control centre of a cell. It contains genetic material such as DNA and controls the cell's growth and

The nucleus varies in size from species to species of cells it is one of the largest and most important organelle at this time and age that contains the genetic information that is located in the center of the cell.

The cytoplasm is the area between the nucleus and the cell membrane. The cytoplasm contains many important structures. This area is basically the main place where you will find structures that help the cells stay alive.

The nucleus determines the appearance and function of a cell (Study.com 2016: para.1). The nucleus is usually a dark spot in the cell, the placement of the nucleus within the cell varies and it isn’t always in the middle of the cell. It is surrounded by cytoplasm which is fluid inside the cells (see figure 1). The nucleus has a surrounding called the nuclear envelope that consists of an inner and outer membrane. The nuclear envelope encloses the nucleus to keep it separated from the rest of the cell. However, to allow molecules to come in and out of the nucleus, it has holes called the nuclear pore complexes (NPR) (Wiley, 2014: para.2). Inside the nucleus is a nucleolus with nucleoplasm surrounding it. Nucleoplasm is much like the cytoplasm inside cells, it is made up of predominate water, molecules and dissolved ions. The rest of the nucleus is surrounded by chromatin (material that consists of protein, RNA, and DNA). DNA is genetic material that provides instructions that are needed to build proteins. Those proteins then determine everything that goes on in the cell. Without these proteins, the cell would not function, hence why the nucleus is the most important organelle in the function of living organisms.

Nucleus- “the brain” or control center of the cell. The Nucleus, a membrane-bound structure of a cell, plays two crucial roles in controlling the cell. The nucleus carries the cell's genetic information that determines if the organism will develop, for instance, into a tree or a human; and it directs most cell activities including growth, metabolism, and reproduction by controlling protein synthesis. The presence of a nucleus distinguishes the more complex eukaryotic cells of plants and animals from the simpler prokaryotic cells of bacteria and cyanobacteria that lack a nucleus. The nucleus is the most predominate structure in the cell. It is typically round and occupies 10% of the cells total volume. The nucleus is wrapped in a

The cytoplasm is a semifluid in the plasma membrane. It is in all eukaryotic cells. In prokaryotes, this is where the chemical processes of the cell take place. In eukaryotic cells, this is where organelles perform their functions. Cellular respiration also takes place here. One of stages of cellular respiration is glycolysis. Glycolysis is when glucose breaks down to form two pyruvates and 4 ATP. Its net result of 2 ATP is important for another process called the Krebs Cycle. This process is important because it begins cellular respiration. The cytoplasm also gives the cell its shape; without it, the cell would be “deflated” and substances would not be able to move throughout the cell. Organelles would have difficulty functioning too. It has been misunderstood that organelles float freely in the cytoplasm even