Questions On Urinary System Physiology

1. Name the structure that is a double fold of peritoneum between the lesser curvature of the stomach and liver.

1) The proximal tubule of the nephron (kidney tubule) in the kidney is composed of which type of epithelium? simple cuboidal epithelium Yes, the simple cuboidal cells line the kidney tubules (nephrons) so that secretion and absorption can take place.

The body needs to maintain equilibrium to function properly in everyday life. The most important substance it must regulate is water; water is everywhere in our body and its balance is essential for proper body function.

Consequently, the efferent arteriole, which filters blood away from the glomerulus, is tinier in diameter than the afferent arteriole, which carries blood into each glomerulus. This puts blood under high pressure in the glomerulus; thus it forces tiny molecules and liquid out of the capillary and into the Bowman’s capsule. Soon afterwards, the tiny and liquid molecules cross the epithelium of the Bowman’s capsule, the basement membrane and capillary wall in order to get into the Bowman’s capsule and to arrive in the nephron tubules. The consequence of this is that the filtrate (the tiny and liquid molecules) pass along the remainder of the nephron and helpful substances are reabsorbed along the route. Last of all, “the filtrate flows through the collecting duct and passes out of the kidney along the ureter” as mentioned by (Parson’s, R: p128).

Axons that decussate between the pyramids of the medulla oblongata belong to the ________ tracts.

C. What is the function of the ureter? How does the structure support this function?

the kidney nephron. What other substances must be transported from the tubular fluid into the PCT cell

2. Describe the functional anatomy of the duct system that conveys bile from the liver and digestive juice from the pancreas to the lumen of the

4. Identify the endocrine organ from which a slide is prepared when viewing the slide with a microscope.

Formation of urine = in the DCT and collecting ducts, water movement out of the body is regulated by ADH.

The last glands are the adrenal glands, which are located above the kidneys, and have an inner core and an outer layer. The inner core is called the adrenal medulla, and the outer layer is known as the adrenal cortex.

It represents the part of the kidney that acts like a semipermeable membrane, the nephrons. The nephrons are made of membranous tubules that act analogously to the semipermeable dialysis bag. When blood passes through the tubules, particles in the blood leave the tubule by the process of diffusion.

According to Patton and Thibodeau (2012), the kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs found along the posterior muscular wall of the abdominal cavity. The convex side of each kidney is located laterally and the concave side medial. The renal hilum on the concave side is the point where the renal artery enters, the vein and ureter leave the kidney. Deep to the perirenal fat, the kidney is surrounded by fibrous connective tissue called the renal capsule. Deep to the renal capsule is the renal cortex, which surrounds the renal medulla with their apexes facing inward toward the centre of the kidney. Nephrons, the basic structural and functional unit that filters blood to produce urine, are located within the cortex and medulla. The minor calyces that collects urine are connected to the papilla of each pyramid, and merge to form major calyces, which further merge into the renal pelvis. Urine drains into the ureter at the renal hilum where renal pelvis exits the kidney (Brenner, 2007).

In the human body, there are systems that provide different functions and help the body to operate more efficiently. The urinary system is one in particular designed to help the body remain free of excess that we no longer need. “The urinary tract is the drainage system used for removing wastes and extra water. The urinary tract includes two kidneys, two ureters, a bladder, and a urethra. The kidneys are a pair of “bean-shaped” organs, each about the size of a fist. The kidneys are located below the ribs, one on each side of the spine, towards the middle of the back.” (NIDDK, 2013) Every several minutes, your kidneys filter around three ounces of blood, also then removing wastes and extra water. That extra water and

There is a pair of kidneys in the human body. They are situated towards the back of the body under the ribs, just at the level of the waist where one on either side of the body. Each kidney is composed of about one million units which are called nephrons and each nephron consists of two parts: a filter which is called the glomerulus and a tubule leading out from the nephron (Cameron 1999). According to Marshall and Bangert (2008) the kidneys have three major functions. Firstly, the kidneys are excretion of waste from plasma in the blood. The second function is that, they maintain of extracellular fluid volume and composition. Lastly, the kidneys have a role in hormone synthesis.