Describe some of the important research designs used in experimental hypothesis testing research study.
Research design is needed because it facilitates the smooth sailing of the various research operations, thereby making research as efficient as possible yielding maximal information with minimal expenditure of effort, time and money. Different research designs can be conveniently described if we categorize them as:(1) Research design in case of exploratory research studies;(2) Research design in case of descriptive and diagnostic research studies, and(3) Research design in case of hypothesis-testing research studies.
1. Research design in case of exploratory research studies
Exploratory research studies are also termed as
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In this way the researcher should review and build upon the work already done by others, but in cases where hypotheses have not yet been formulated, his task is to review the available material for deriving the relevant hypotheses from it. Besides, the bibliographical survey of studies, already made in one’s area of interest may as well as made by the researcher for precisely formulating the problem. He should also make an attempt to apply concepts and theories developed in different research contexts to the area in which he is himself working. Sometimes the works of creative writers also provide a fertile ground for hypothesis formulation and as such may be looked into by the researcher.
(b) Experience survey
This means the survey of people who have had practical experience with the problem to be studied. The object of such a survey is to obtain insight into the relationships between variables and new ideas relating to the research problem. For such a survey people who are competent and can contribute new ideas may be carefully selected as respondents to ensure a representation of different types of experience. The respondents so selected may then be interviewed by the investigator. The researcher must prepare an interview schedule for the systematic questioning of informants. But the interview must ensure flexibility in the sense that the respondents should be allowed to raise issues and questions
Lisa Gaston, a 27 year old female is the subject of this research design. Lisa is employed with the Dallas Police Department as a police officer. She is also an enlisted member of the Air Force reserve. She is a Louisiana native and obtained her bachelor’s degree in Criminal Justice from Southern A&M University in Baton Rouge, LA. She spends her free time serving her community with her sorority sisters of Delta Sigma Theta and empowering young African American women in underserved communities by hosting free events within their neighborhoods. Over the years she has developed a habit of smoking to manage stress and she would like to reduce her smoking so that she can live a healthier life style. This single subject research design will use meditation as an intervention to help her to reduce her smoking habits.
What kind of result was found by the research design? Compare the effectiveness of the survey research to the other subordinate data, experimentation or observation in the perspective of gathering information for this project.
Researches are always carried out with the purpose of answering questions that are there, to ascertain a particular phenomenon or to prove a concept. Different researchers have different reasons for carrying out their research and this is encourage because the knowledge that is gained can be used by the others in improving that research or better understanding what the situation is. This paper tries to look at what the researchers were after and at the same trying to see the challenges they faced and their limitations. It basically tries to understand why the researchers chose the research design that has been used in the research.
The research design used in this study was correlational. The correlational design allows the determination of existence or degree of relationship between two variables. In this study gender was used as the nominal independent variable and hours spent in in Pinterest weekly was the dependent variable. The correlational research method was chosen because it allows relevant evidence to be collected and the data collected is directly related to the research question. This type of study manages variations, identifies relationships between variables, and produces answer to the research question. The purpose of the research had to reflect on the research design in order to reveal whether or not there was a statistical significance, in this case
Creswell, J. W.(2003) Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches, 2th edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication
The Research Design Determine the most appropriate research design. Why two research design were selected and why two were not selected? What data collections instruments will be used? Survey? Interview? Other? I may select a qualitative and quantitative design only because the two together address different parts of the problem and together provide a richer, more multi-faceted response than either alone would. The qualitative aspect would give me an in-depth, rich perspective and allow me to plumb one aspect further whilst the quantitative investigation would base the investigation on a scientific, objective purview.
A research design can be understood as the planning of any scientific research from the first to the last step. In this sense it is a program to guide the researcher in collecting, analyzing, and interpreting facts (Bless and Higson-Smith, 1995:63).
design but it allows study of phenomenon to be made (Rindfleisch, A. et al., 2008;
When selecting a research approach, Creswell (2014) outlines criteria that affect the choice of one approach over another. I have already discussed how my worldview, personal experiences, and identified problem of practice and the questions affect my research. The design, methods, and audience of my emerging research will also be considered in terms of choosing a research approach.
It is the structure of any scientific work. It gives direction and any systematic approach to the research. Like any other phenomenon, no research design is perfect on itself. Different type of research design has different advantages and disadvantages (Blakstad 2015). Thus research design is defined as an overall plan for research undertaking. Research design provides the solution that holds the research project together
Our economic sanctions episode data are taken from TIES Data 4.0. TIES dataset covers the time period for the cases ranges from 1945 to 2005. The unit of sanctions is target country basis; if a sender makes a threat against multiple targets, a new case is created for each individual target. (Morgan, Bapat, and Kobayashi 2013) In this data, 1,412 cases are included. We exclude 165 ongoing cases, because unfinished episodes’ outcomes are undetermined. In addition, we will omit 158 episodes whose sanctions type which is composed only non-trade restriction; asset freeze, termination of foreign aid, and travel ban. Since my theory is based on the effect of restriction trade. After eliminating, the 1,089
Two techniques were used in collecting participants for the sample of the study. The first technique involved getting the approval of a Citrus Professor and administering surveys to students in their class after the lecture was completed. Before dispensing the surveys, students were instructed by the researchers to thoroughly, read over the consent form. In addition to this technique, researchers approach random students on campus and ask if they will be willing to take a short survey. The students then were briefly told about the purpose of the study, which was to see if there was a correlation between relationship satisfaction and academic performance, and then asked to read and give consent before participating.
The type of this research is applied which means to undertake investigation to acquire new knowledge. Applied research is directed mainly towards a specific practical aim. This research is not
Research design is the plan, the structure and strategy of investigation conceived as to obtain answer to research question and to
The data samples for this study are mainly collected from the following sources: MSCIESG STATS (formerly Kinder, Lydenberg, Domini Research & Analytics, Inc) for CSR measures; SEC proxy statements for CEO incentive contract information; COMPUSTAT for financial and accounting measures.