Smooth And Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum is specialised for protein processing and lipid biosynthesis. One of its primary functions is to regulate the ionic concentration in the cytoplasm via the movement of Ca2+, via ionic pumps and channels. It also contains enzymes responsible for the metabolising of drugs. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can come in two forms. As depicted in Fig. 2 Rough ER has ribosomes present as part of the membrane of the organelle, and together with these ribosomes takes polypeptides and amino acids from the cytosol and synthesises proteins destined for attachment to cell membranes. It is in the lumen of the rough ER that the proteins are folded into the specific three dimensional shapes that are so important for biochemical recognition and linking sites [6]. It is called rough because of the presence of ribosomes makes the surface of the membrane look rough, unlike smooth ER, which lacks the ribosomes so the membrane looks smooth. Rough ER is composed of a large but convoluted flattened sac. The main function of the smooth ER is the production of lipids and the metabolism of compounds (such as the breakdown of glycogen into glucose). Because of the different functions between the rough and smooth ER, different specialised cells will have different amounts of each; for example, hepatic

serve as the site of lipid synthesis in the cell. The ER functions as the

Cytoplasm of eukaryotic cell is partitioned by organelle membranes. Organelles together form the endomembrane system.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes that surround them. The inner membrane is probably from the engulfed bacterium and this is supported by that the enzymes and proteins are most like their counterparts in prokaryotes. The outer membrane is formed from the plasma membrane or endoplasmic reticulum of the host cell. The electron transport enzymes and the H+ ATPase are only found in the mitochondria and chloroplasts of the eukaryotic cell. (2)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) – Endoplasmic reticulum is a branching network that fills the cell interior. There two types of ER: Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) – Synthesis of lipid, glycogen and steroids (e.g. cholesterol and testosterone).

“This is the Endoplasmic Reticulum Family the Endos. They are a maze of organisms. There are so many they are even divided into two sections let me explain.”

Analyze the anatomical structure of ten different organelles in the cell and their respective functions.

▪ Know the functions of the various organelles, e.g., glyoxysomes, peroxisomes, ribosomes, chloroplasts, mitochondria, rough and smooth ER, Golgi, etc.

There are two types of Endoplasmic Reticulum the Smooth ER and the Rough ER. you can distinguish that both of the ER’s are different to each other, this is shown in the diagram above that one is smooth ER and the other is rough ER the rough ER has ribsomes attracted to it while the smooth ER does not have ribosomes attached to it. The two ER’s have different function to each other.

They are very important in the synthesis and packaging of proteins. Some of those proteins might be used in the cell and some are sent out. The ribosomes are attached to the membrane of the ER. As the ribosomes builds the amino acid chain, the chain is pushed into the ER. When the protein is complete, the rough ER pinches off a vesicle. That vesicle, a small membrane bubble, can move to the cell membrane or the Golgi apparatus

Many cells are filled with a complex network of tube like things known as the endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic

The golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for “export” from the cell.

Chloroplast Chloroplasts' main role is to conduct photosynthesis, where the photosynthetic pigment chlorophyll captures the energy from sunlight and converts it and stores it. 10.Ribosomes Their main function is to synthesize proteins for use throughout the cell. 11.Rough ER The rough endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that produces proteins and helps them fold properly. 12.Golgi Apparatus

The main function of the smooth ER is to produce cellular products like hormones and lipids. Also releasing and regulating calcium, ions and processes toxins. It distributes hormones and lipids throughout the cells and to specific places in an organism. It is described as 'smooth' to distinguish it from rough ER, which has ribosome's for protein synthesis on its

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle that is a major place for the biogenesis of cellular components including proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates and internal calcium storage. ER is primarily responsible for protein translocation, protein folding and protein post modification. Proper folding of protein in the ER is accomplished with the aid of ER resident proteins or enzymes such as chaperones. Binding of chaperones to