Prednisolone
1. Structure
The two ketone groups will be sp2 hybridised and so are the carbon-to-carbon (C-to-C) double bonds. The carbon atoms that are part of alkanes and the alcohol groups will be sp3 hybridised. There isn’t any resonance in the molecule.
2. Functional Groups
There are 3 different functional groups, excluding the alkane and cycloalkanes. There are two aliphatic ketones and three aliphatic alcohols along with a cyclohexadiene, where one of the ketones is found. The alcohols are secondary, tertiary and primary as you go from left to right of the molecule.
3. Conformation of prednisolone 4. Stereochemistry in prednisolone
Prednisolone has 7 chiral centres, which would give rise to 128 possible stereoisomers. There are also two C-to-C double bonds, however because they are part of a ring, they wouldn’t give rise to any geometrical isomers.
5. Acidic or basic functional groups in the drug
Prednisolone is a neutral molecule. Alcohol groups are mildly acidic and could theoretically act as an acid at a high pH, but that would happen very rarely, certainly not at physiological pH. There are no basic groups in Prednisolone.
6. Ionisation state of the drug in the stomach (pH of 2) and blood (pH of 7.4)
Prednisolone would remain in this neutral state both at pH 2 and at pH 7.4. This is because its strongest acid pKa is 12.59 (the tertiary alcohol; the primary and the secondary alcohols have pKa values of 13.87 and 14.93 respectively). Hence, the hydroxyl
alcohol, making it either primary (1° ), secondary (2° ), or tertiary (3° ). If the OH is bonded to only one other carbon, it is a primary alcohol (eg. 1-butanol); if bonded to two other carbons, it is a secondary alcohol (eg. 2-butanol); if bonded to three other carbons, it is a tertiary alcohol (eg. 2-methyl-2-propanol). Due to the placement of the hydroxyl functional group in each of the degrees of alcohol, the reactivity of each should be impacted. This means that all three
3. State the name and structure of the functional group for each type of biologically
The purpose of this experiment was to practice the functional group transformation procedure. The process of the experiment included the dehydration of 2-methylcyclohexanol in the presence of phosphoric acid and heat. The products that were formed from the reaction were 1-methylcyclohexene and 3-methylcyclohexene. The mass of the final product solution was 0.502g with a percent yield of 18.7% and a boiling point range of 84.5-98.5oC.
3. In Molecular Series I (Straight-Chain Alcohols): As you go through the group from methanol ethanol 1-propanol 1-butanol:
I believe that the C atom coloured in yellow is chiral as is attached to 4 different groups ( H, CH3, Br & CH2).
Prednisone can cause upset stomach. It can have serious side effect with vision problems. If it’s not helping with joint pain then the dose may need altering.
Fragment 7 is shown in the structure. Electron density map suggested two bulk electro-rich group present in the fragment, which corresponds to the two ring structure on 7. The heterocyclic ring has high e-density and forms a hydrophobic interaction with Leu144 residue. The e-rich NH2 group on this ring
- The C-H bonds in this structure are shown at 1444 and 1368cm-1. These two bands indicate the two different types of C-H bends that occur on the molecule. One is that of the alkene and the other is that of the several alkanes on the molecule.
solution is acidic. When it is green to yellow, it indicates that a solution is basic. When it is purple to blue, it indicates a solution is neutral. Would you characterize vinegar and ammonia as acids or bases? Explain.
QUESTION The solution that would be most alkalotic would be the one with a pH of:
must be above 8.5 and below 6.5. If the pH is too acidic, then the
In this experiment different pH levels ranging from 3 to 11 were used to test the effects on daphnia heart rate. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH ranging from 0 to 6 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH higher than 7 ranging from 8 to 14 is basic. PH revolves around hydrogen ions (H+). The reason pH levels can be acidic, basic, or neutral is because acids give hydrogen ions away while bases accept hydrogen ions. (Decelles, 2002).
The calculation for percentage ionisation at pH 7.4 is shown below : pKa = pH + log ([unionised])/([ionised]) At strongest acidic : At strongest basic : 4.02 = 7.4 + log ([unionised])/([ionised]) -3.38 = log ([unionised])/([ionised]) 10(-3.38)) = ([unionised])/([ionised]) ([unionised])/([ionised]) = (4.17x〖10〗^(-4) )
The normal pH value for the body fluids is between pH 7.35 and 7.45. When the pH value of body fluids is below 7.35, the condition is called acidosis, and when the pH is above 7.45, it is called alkalosis. (Tortora, G., Derrickson, B., 2014)
the compound is slightly changed by adding another molecule, the new drug is very similar to the