The Effect Of Aerobic Capacity On University Students

Introduction: In this experiment, cardiovascular fitness is being determined by measuring how long it takes for the test subjects' to return to their resting heart rate. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability to "transport and use oxygen while exercising" (Dale 2015). Cardiovascular fitness utilizes the "heart, lungs, muscles, and blood working together" while exercising (Dale 2015). It is also how well your body can last during moderate to high intensity cardio for long periods of time (Waehner 2016). The hypothesis is that people who exercise for three or more days will return to their resting heart rate much faster than people who only exercise for less than three days.

Brooks GA, Fahey TD, Baldwin KM (2005). Exercise Physiology: Human Bioenergetics and Its Application. 4th Edition

Exercise in general has been known to reep many benefits in health of the body, for example the seven components of fitness as mentioned in ‘ABC of sports and exercise medicine, third edition by Sir Roger Bannister’. (Edited by Gregory P Whyte)

The effects of heart rate on differing durations of exercise were studied in this experiment. For people, heart rate tends to increase as they perform physical exercises. The amount of beats per minute gradually increases as people perform physical activities. Heart rates taken before exercise are relatively low, and heart rates taken one minute after exercise increase significantly. Heart rates slowly begin to decrease after they are taken two minutes and three minutes after performing the step test, which is to be expected. The rates of intensity throughout exercise relates with changes in heart rate throughout the step test performed in the experiment (Karvonen 2012). The age of the participants affected the experiment, since the heart rate during physical exercise, in this case the step test, is affected by age (Tulppo 1998).

In this assignment I will be reviewing the different effects of exercise on the body system including the acute and long term using the pre-exercise, exercise and post-exercise physiological data which I collected based on interval and continuous training method. I will also be including the advantages and disadvantages of these, also the participants’ strengths and areas where they can improve on.

The anaerobic threshold (AT), also called the “lactate threshold,” is the exertion level between aerobic and anaerobic training. The AT is the point during exercise where your body must switch from anaerobic to aerobic metabolism. Anaerobic exercise consists of weightlifting, sprinting, and jumping. Once an athlete reaches its anaerobic threshold, lactic acid builds up in the muscles faster than it can be cleared away resulting in muscle cramps. The AT is a useful measure for deciding exercise intensity for training and racing in endurance sports. On average untrained individuals have a low AT (approximately 55 % of VolumeO2max), and elite endurance athletes have a high AT (approx. 80 - 90% of VolumeO2max). lactate threshold.(1) Studies have been conducted on finding methods of improving anaerobic threshold. Lately High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has become a popular training modality in competitive athletes, recreationally-trained individuals, and clinical populations. HIIT consists of repeated bouts of short to moderate duration exercise

Method and results - The study was compiled of seven female students from the University of Huddersfield. For the exercise a step was used, a polar heart rate monitor was used for each participant with an independent assessor timing the participants, and recording the readings. Results of the study showed there was an increase in heart rate when performing mild exercise.

The effects of exercise on blood pressure, heart rate, respiration rate and electrical activity of the heart were assessed. The measurements of respiration rate, pulse rate and blood pressures were noted as described in Harris-Haller (2016). Data was first taken from subjects in a relaxed position and then followed by sets of reading after exercising based on one minute intervals. The data also noted sitting ECG traces from Harris-Haller (2016). The respiratory rate, pulse, blood pressure, P wave, QRS complex and T wave were defined for each subject. The class average was calculated for males and females and graphed to illustrate the results by gender for each cardiopulmonary factor.

Good physical health is a vital part of the well-being of every person. A major component of our physical health is “Cardiovascular fitness”. Cardiovascular fitness is the ability of the heart and lungs to provide oxygen to the muscles for activity of an extended duration. If we have a good level of cardio-vascular fitness we are able to sustain activity for a reasonable period of time and not fatigue easily. This can give individuals a variety of health benefits and allow more regular and enjoyable activity to be participated in. This research report will examine my results of cardio-vascular fitness tests and weekly physical activity events, which

Hypothesis: Exercise exists in different forms and has many benefits; it improves the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood, development of bones, strengthens muscles and the lungs capacity plus it can make you feel good. There are different exercises and intensities for different benefits. Lower intensity exercises are not designed to work the body as hard. As a result less oxygen is needed and less waste is in excess. However even low

Physical activity has been proven to have phenomenal benefits on the human body and is an important part of a balanced lifestyle. Statistics have shown that regular exercise can prevent illness and lower one’s likelihood of being diagnosed with a series of diseases significantly. It has been ‘medically proven’ that regular exercise can reduce a subject’s chance of being diagnosed with coronary heart disease or stroke by 35%, type two diabetes by 50%, colon cancer by 50%, breast cancer by 20%, early death by 30%, osteoarthritis by 83% and a number of other life threatening illnesses. Regular exercise can improve a person’s overall wellbeing and immunity to common illnesses. During physical activity, a person’s heart rate can increase significantly and allow more oxygenated blood to be supplied to muscles. A person’s breathing rate can increase during exercise and supply more oxygen to the lungs. The increased blood flow during exercise allows the brain to function better. Exercise has many benefits to the human body and is a major factor of disease

The literature on the effects of exercise of cardiac output maintains the idea that exercise should affect cardiac output- pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, QRS-pulse lag, P-T and T-P intervals, because of increased heart rate. For our experiment, we tested this theory by measuring our cardiac output before and after some rigorous exercise. We measured the individual cardiac output and then combined the data to compose a class-wide data average. We compared the results of the experiment to what we expected, which was that exercise does affect our heart. Our data from this experiment supported the notion that exercise does, in fact, change cardiac output.

I predict that during exercise the heart and respiratory rate (RR) will increase depending on the intensity of exercise and the resting rates will be restored soon after exercise has stopped. I believe that the changes are caused by the increased need for oxygen and energy in muscles as they have to contract faster during exercise. When the exercise is finished the heart and ventilation rates will gradually decrease back to the resting rates as the muscles’ need for oxygen and energy will be smaller than during exercise.

The benefits of physical exercise in humans far outweighs the harmful effects associated with exercise. A prescription of physical activity has been known to delay the onset or prevention of many chronic diseases. An improvement in heart function, lower blood pressure and improve functional capacity is noticed after just a few weeks of exercising. Physical activity will also result in an increase of lean muscle mass, promote weight maintenance, increased flexibility, and a generally stronger more fit individual. Conversely, exercise when preformed strenuously or obsessively can counteract such positive effects, bringing up some issues like oxidative stresses, injuries, and

Mammals consume oxygen and produce carbon dioxide as part of their metabolism process in order to maintain body functions. This occurs at all times, both rest and during intense work, within mammals. During times of greater work, skeletal muscles work harder than they do at rest. This in turn increases their metabolic rate and results in a greater demand for oxygen. It has been proposed that fitness training has a positive effect on both the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, which effect the maximum oxygen consumption rate during intense exercise periods. I hypothesize that individuals who aerobically exercise a minimum of at least 7 hours per week will have increased fitness, which will maximize their overall metabolic rates and give them higher VO2 max and VCO2 max values than individuals who do not have increased fitness. Ten males having different fitness levels were put on stationary bikes at increasing levels until exhaustion and VO2-max and VCO2-max was then measured from each individual. It was found that there was a slight upward trend between fitness-VO2max and fitness-VCO2max, although this trend was not statistically significant when represented by the T-test values through statistical analysis. Further experiments should be done in the future to verify a statistically significant correlation.