The Effect Of Passive Muscle Stretching On Blood Glucose Level Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes is a disease where the body is unable to produce or use insulin effectively. Insulin is needed for proper storage and use of carbohydrates. Without it, blood sugar levels can become too high or too low, resulting in a diabetic emergency. It affects about 7.8% of the population. The incidence of diabetes is known to increase with age. It’s the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the US, and is the primary cause of blindness and foot and leg amputation. It is known to cause neuropathy in up to 70% of diabetic patients. Individuals with diabetes are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease. There are two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is the most common form of diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2012). T2D is so prevalent that it is estimated to be the fifth most common cause of death worldwide (Yates, Jarvis, Troughton, and JaneDavies, 2009, p. 1). T2D manifests when the body is unable to metabolize glucose properly, resulting in elevated blood sugar, debilitating fatigue, and other serious complications such as distal limb amputations, kidney failure, and blindness. The generally accepted causes of T2D include diet, sedentary lifestyle, and obesity.

There are three kinds of physical activity that can be incorporated in a daily routine to help reduce the risks of becoming a type 2 diabetic. The first physical activity is aerobic exercise. Aerobic exercise helps burn excess fat, and makes the heart and bones strong which helps alleviate stress and improves blood circulation. It also decreases the risk for type 2 diabetes, heart disease and stroke as aerobic exercise keeps the blood glucose, blood pressure and cholesterol levels on target (American Diabetes Association, 2013). It is recommended to incorporate 30 minutes of aerobic activity on a daily basis some examples include

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes which affects 90% to 95% of the population. In the United States, approximately 1.7 million new cases of diabetes were identified in 2012 and the disease affects 29 million Americans, or 9.3 percent of the population (Statistics About Diabetes, 2014). In 2012, the total financial burden of diabetes was estimated to be $245 billion which included $176 billion in direct medical costs and $69 billion in reduced productivity (American Diabetes Association, 2013). Those who have type 2 diabetes are unable to control insulin levels resulting in a condition called insulin resistance. In the first stages of the disease your body attempts to

Nobel Prize winner Dr. Fredrick Banning once said, “Insulin is not a cure for diabetes; it is a treatment. It enables the diabetic to burn sufficient carbohydrates so that proteins and fats may be added to the diet in sufficient quantities to provide energy for the economic burdens of life”(Banning, 1928). The American Diabetes Association (ADA), states that 9.3% of the population has diabetes, which is why it was the 7th leading cause of death in the Unites States in 2010. The Center for Control Disease (CDC), states individuals younger than 20 years were newly diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes annually (CDC, 2010). Physicians often instruct patients affected by Type 2 diabetics, to watch their diet and sustain a healthy, more active lifestyle.

Physical activity is important in the prevention of many diseases, not just type II diabetes patients. Type II diabetes patient need physical activity in order to regulate blood pressure, lower insulin resistance and control BMI. There are many more positive effects surrounding physical activity. It’s important for everyone to achieve the physical activity guidelines to lower their chance of

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease in which insulin is secreted by the pancreas in response to an increase in blood glucose levels. In T2D, the body makes insulin; however there is resistance of target tissues to insulin, leading to abnormal insulin secretion (Government of Canada, 2013). Thus, increased levels of insulin need to be produced in order to maintain normal blood glucose levels within the body (Government of Canada, 2013).With the growing epidemic of sedentary lifestyle in the Western hemisphere, there is an increasing prevalence in the number of diagnosed cases of T2D. There are many risk factors associated with T2D such as being overweight or obese, high blood pressure,

The worldwide prevalence of type 2 diabetes is skyrocketing alarmingly to epidemic proportions. According to King, Aubert and Herman (1998), in the year 2000 there were 150 million people with type 2 diabetes worldwide, and this number is expected to double by 2025. This explosive increase in type 2 diabetes prevalence is also associated with a significant increase in morbidity and mortality. (Dankner, Abdul-Ghani, Gerber, Chetit, Wainstein and Raz, 2007). This global increase in diabetes will occur because of population ageing and growth, and because of increasing trends towards obesity, unhealthy diets and sedentary lifestyles. Worldwide, according to the WHO Diabetes Action Now

Type 2 diabetes is an enormous and rising chronic disease seen in the United States (U.S.) and throughout many parts of the world. “Nearly 26 million Americans have the disease” (Fonseca, Kirkman, Darsow & Ratner, 2012, p. 1380). This includes over 10% of the total adult population and greater than 25% of the population 65 years and older (Fonseca, Kirkman, Darsow & Ratner, 2012). High prevalence rates of prediabetes have been recorded as well. According to Fonseca, Kirkman, Darsow & Ratner (2012), there is an additional 79 million adult Americans who have prediabetes. There are several reasons type 2 diabetes has a higher prevalence rate at this time and these risks include; age, ethnicity, obesity, family history, smoking and a sedentary

Initial treatment of type 2 diabetes involves lifestyle modifications (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2014, p. S31). With obesity as the leading risk factor of type 2 diabetes, initial interventions are based around patient education, increasing physical activity, reducing weight, and increasing lean muscle mass. The American Diabetes Association standards of care published in 2014 recommends a moderate weight loss of 7% of total body weight and increasing activity to 150 minutes per week (ADA, 2014, p. S31). Modest loss of weight and increase of physical activity has a significant impact on the reduction of insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, and delay in the onset of type 2 diabetes. If lifestyle modifications and education interventions are not effective or if the severity of illness is more advanced, the provider should consider pharmacological interventions in addition to ongoing education and lifestyle changes.

“Over 29 million people have diabetes. More than one and three adults have prediabetes, and 15 to 30 percent of them will develop type 2 diabetes within five years” (Pietrangelo 11). Diabetes are the number one health issue in America. There are two types of diabetes, Type 1 and Type 2. However, Type 2 is the most common in America. Therefore, the knowledge of Type 2 Diabetes is important, so that people have the understanding on how to prevent or control it.

Type 2 diabetes can be treated if a person eats healthy, control their body weight, exercise regularly and eat at regular intervals.  According to a case study conducted in Bangladesh, diabetes currently affects 30% of its adult population either as pre-diabetes or fully expressed Type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes is fast rising and is caused by the rapid changing of lifestyles in developing countries because most individuals are now purchasing fast foods more often, and they may not have the time to engage in physical

Type II diabetes is a metabolic disease that affects many people of various ages, genders, and ethnicities all over the world. Many factors contribute to the disease, including

Intervention: While there is no single effective approach to the disease; a multistage approach in which a combination of counseling, dietary modification, and exercise to be an appropriate response to the issue. Each intervention alone (counseling, diet, or exercise) may be somewhat appropriate, but the combination will prove to be the most efficacious. Previous research shows that exercise for the management of type-2 diabetes, combined with nutritional strategies, when used with culturally appropriate education and training have the best chances for long-term success (Zanuso, 2010).

Among the two types of DM, type-2 diabetes has been reportedly attributed for a major part of the global diabetes patient population [1]. In 2014, the world’s diabetes population has reached 422 million, an almost four-times increase than 1980 [1]. Type-2 diabetes has also been accounted as a major death cause. According to the WHO [1], it is estimated that one and a half million of people were dead due to the direct impacts of diabetes in 2012 and another two million deaths were related to higher blood-glucose level.