Automated Fingerprint Identification Systems (AFIS) in law enforcement and border control applications has heightened the need for ensuring that these systems are not compromised. While several issues related to fingerprint system security have been investigated, including the use of fake fingerprints for masquerading identity, the problem of fingerprint alteration or obfuscation has received very little attention. Fingerprint obfuscation refers to the deliberate alteration of the fingerprint pattern by an individual for the purpose of masking his identity. Several cases of fingerprint obfuscation have been reported in the press. Also NFIQ algorithm used to evaluate the large database of altered fingerprints .further we proposed NFIQ2.0 …show more content…
Fingerprint quality assessment routines used inmost fingerprint identification systems, such as the opensource NFIQ2 (NIST Fingerprint Image Quality) softwaremay be useful in detecting altered fingerprints if thecorresponding images are indeed of poor quality. But, notall altered fingerprint images have poor quality. Since existing fingerprint quality assessment algorithms are designed to examine if an imagecontains sufficient information (say, minutiae) for matching,they have limited capability in determining if an image is anatural fingerprint or an altered fingerprint.Altered fingerprints are different from fake fingerprints. The use of fake fingers—made ofglue, latex, or silicone—is a well-publicized method to circumvent fingerprint systems. Altered fingerprints, however, are real fingers that are used to conceal one’s identity in order to evade identification by a biometric system. While fake fingers are typically used by individuals toadopt another person’s identity, altered fingers are used to mask one’s own identity. In order to detect attacks based on fake fingers, many software and hardware solutions have been proposed. However, the problem of altered fingerprints has hitherto not been studied in the literature and there are no reported techniques to identify them. Furthermore, the lack of public databases comprised of altered fingerprint images has
In quadrants 1 and 2 how the amount and constituents of the fingerprint residue on the substrate affects the fingerprint image, is determined. In quadrant 1, excess sebum and moisture is first removed from the finger tips with the help of a clean cloth. In quadrant 2, fingertip is first wiped around the nose or forehead to create excess sebum. Quadrant 3 and 4 were used to compare the details between untreated and dusted fingerprint residues.
Lee, H. (2001). Advances in Fingerprint Technology, Second Edition, 2nd Edition. Retrieved January 26, 2015, from Vital Source: http://online.vitalsource.com/books/9781420041347
It is August 4rth, 1892, in Fall River Massachusetts. In a house located on 92nd street, Andrew and Abby Borden are lying dead. Andrew had received 11 strikes to the head with a hatchet and Abby withheld 19. Bridget Sullivan and John Fleet hold evidential facts on the Borden case.
Within almost a decade after Akhenaten's death, everything was beginning to go back to normal. Under the reign of Horemheb who was a young King at the time, he restored everything Akhenaten had done. The religion, art, God and the capital, all restored as the young Pharaoh took over. He had the men of the army going and destroying everything that had anything to do with Akhenaten was destroyed. Sculpture, anything that had his face or his families face, and his palace. They wanted him to be forgotten and they would have succeeded if the men would have done a better job. Unfortunately for both King Tutankhamun and Horemheb, the men only partially did their jobs. Destroying only partical or half of the things items. Leaving out faces or words
In July of 1999 the fingerprint was introduced into the IAFIS. The FBI had so many fingerprints on file that in order to convict someone it would take years for them to be able to match a fingerprint. This database created a way for it to be completed faster and more efficient. The data is taken first with directly indefinable characteristics (name, social security, address, telephone number, email, biometric identifiers, photography) and then entered in the with non-indefinable characteristics (gender, race, birthdate, license number) to create personal file. The database is maintained by the FBI to keep all of the fingerprints in line. But, many agencies (federal, state, local and foreign) can use the database on order to make sure a suspect isn't linked with any other crimes and to identify the
samples of an individual’s fingerprint’s can be lifted from a crime scene. The breakthrough of
The automated Fingerprint Identification System is also known as the AFIS within the law enforcement division (FBI, 2010). This system is an important element in the criminal justice system as some of its features encompass the storing of data, encoding, and fingerprint and facial comparison through graphics and other techniques. Law officials many centuries ago in the pursuit of positively identifying someone suspected of guilt have long used fingerprints techniques. Fingerprinting is also used in branches of our government, and in the Pentagon, the authentication method of fingerprints is used permit access to specified zones inside the building. Fingerprints are an effective and very precise method of identification purposes that does not pose
“Fingerprint recognition is one of the divorce inference using the impressions made by the minute ridge formations or patterns found on the fingertips. No two people have exactly the same arrangement of the ridge patterns, and the remaining patterns of any one individual unchanged. Fingerprints infallible provide a means of personal identification. Other personal characteristics may change, but not fingerprints”. (1)
The use of fingerprinting as a means of identification was born out of the need of law enforcement officials to have permanent records that could determine if a convict had been previously arrested or imprisoned. Before the advent of fingerprinting, law enforcement used a number of different methods to try to accomplish this. Ancient civilizations would tattoo or physically maim prisoners. In more recent times, daguerreotyping (that is, photographing) was used, but proved to be less than reliable, because people had the ability to dramatically alter their appearance (Skopitz). As a result, this method too, became obsolete with the discovery of fingerprinting, an absolutely infallible
Every time somebody touches something, they leave behind a unique signature that forever links them to that object. This link is their fingerprints, which are unique to every person, for no two people have the same set, not even family members or identical twins. Palms and toes also leave prints behind, but these are far less commonly found during crime scene investigations. Therefore, fingerprints provide an identification process that is applicable to background checks, biometric security, mass disaster identification, and most importantly, crime scene investigations. Fingerprints are so differentiated because they are made up of distinct patterns of ridges and furrows on the fingers. The ridges are the “raised” portions of the prints, and the furrows are the “recessed” portions. This perceived uniqueness has led some people to falsely accept fingerprint analysis as absolute scientific fact. Although overall fingerprints are reliable, there are definitely situations where their accuracy can come into question.
Biometrics technology aims at utilizing major and distinctive characteristics such as behavioral or biological, for the sake of positively indentifying people. With the help of a combination of hardware and specific identifying sets of rules, a basic human attribute, automated biometric recognition mimics to distinguish and categorize other people as individual and unique. But the challenges surrounding biometrics are great as well.
Biometrics is used in many places and there is a bright future for them. Coca Cola has recently replaced time card system with hand scanning machines. Finger print scanners are being used in many states of the US. They have been used to trace social welfare fraud. An iris pattern identification system is being used in Cook County, Illinois to ensure that right people are released from jail. ATM machines have been installed with finger scanners to prevent theft and fraud in Indiana (Jain, 2005).
The final main biometric technology used is fingerprint recognition. This is definitely the most widely used biometric technology. This type of biometric has been used for many, many years. Because of this, fingerprint recognition has been known as the most primary and accurate identification method used to identify a person. The modern fingerprint recognition is all done electronically. There are two main ways of analyzing fingerprints electronically. The first plots points on the ridges of a person’s fingers that enable the computer to compare to different fingerprints. The second method uses patterns of a fingerprint
Biometrics is a method of identifying an individual based on characteristics that they possess, typically physiological features such as a fingerprint, hand, iris, retina, face, voice, and even DNA. Some methods of biometrics security even use multiple physiological features or multimodal biometrics to provide superior security than a single form of biometrics can provide. Why are biometrics important in the field of information security? Biometrics provide a remarkable amount of security for information because biometrics are unique to each person, and thus cannot be lost, copied, or shared with another individual. This security allows for biometrics to provide a means to reliability authenticate personnel. The importance of biometrics can be further divided into the history of biometrics and why it was devised, past implementations of biometrics, current implementations of biometrics, and future implementations of biometrics.
The Song portrays the virtue of sexual love and the freedom and happiness shared by two lovers. The Song speaks of a sexual love between man and woman who stands equally before each other in the privacy of their intimacy with no consciousness of the hierarchies of their public world. Equal standing in its most encompassing meaning—neither one is superior nor inferior, but equally ready to initiate and invite, equally desiring and eager to please and be pleased, both transparent about fantasies and pleasures received, equally vocal to endear and arouse, same sense of wholeness and brokenness, of shamelessness and abandon. Passion is matched with passion; longings are returned with the same intensity--no holding back and no concern for anything except to ravish each other, both take pleasure, and absorbed in each other in their own Eden. Thus, sex is honorable, pleasurable, and paradisal.