The Vesicles Transport Hormones, Enzymes, and Chemicals Essay

Chemical Kinetics is the branch of chemistry that studies the speed at which a chemical reaction occur and the factor that influence this speed. What is meant by the speed of a reaction is the rate at which the concentrations of reactants and products change within a time period. Some reactions occur almost instantaneously, while others take days or years. Chemical kinetics understanding I used in the process of designing drugs, controlling pollution and the processing of food. Most of the time chemical…

Enzymes Ally Wormaan 11/07/2013 Section 018 Introduction: Our body has many cells, cells which operate like a chemical factory. Chemicals are broken down for things like energy, and new chemicals are then synthesized. The food we eat only supplies us with some of the compounds that are needed for our body to operate. Most that are needed are synthesized within the cell by hundreds of different types of reactions that are all part of metabolism. All of these reactions wouldn’t be able to take…

Assembly at Karolinska Institutet awarded the 2013 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly to James E. Rothman, Randy W. Schekman and Thomas C. Sudhof for “their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells”. Before this research, knowledge about the vesicle transportation system that eukaryotic cells utilized was essentially limited to what could be observed, including its various tasks and actions and its huge significance in cell survival. The question…

Enzymes Enzymes are biological catalysts that carry out thousands of chemical reactions that occur in living cells. They are a class of proteins that have a unique three dimensional structure that allows it to bind with a specific substrate to facilitate a reaction. Many biological reactions will not occur spontaneously in the cell; there is simply not enough energy for the reaction to take place. Enzymes make these reactions possible by lowering the reactionÂ’s…

work that they did on transport vesicles within the cellular membrane. The recipients discovered how the cellular transport system was organized so that transport material was delivered to the correct site with proper timing. Rothman discovered how the vesicle is able to fuse with a cell membrane or organelle to deliver its contents. Schekman through the study of yeast isolated the genes required to code for vesicle transport. Südhof found the signals that tell vesicles when to release their contents…

Plant hormones are specialized chemical substances produced by plants. They are the main internal factors controlling growth and development. Hormones are produced in one part of a plant and transported to others, where they are effective in very small amounts. Depending on the target tissue, a given hormone may have different effects. Plant hormones play an integral role in controlling the growth and development of plants. A plant hormone is generally described as an organic compound synthesized…

Plant hormones are specialized chemical substances produced by plants. They are the main internal factors controlling growth and development. Hormones are produced in one part of a plant and transported to others, where they are effective in very small amounts. Depending on the target tissue, a given hormone may have different effects. Plant hormones play an integral role in controlling the growth and development of plants. A plant hormone is generally described as an organic compound synthesized…

Transport Across Plasma Membrane The plasma membrane covers all living cells, enabling the cells’ contents to be held together and controls movement of substances into and out of the cell. Plasma membranes are made of phospholipids, proteins and carbohydrates. The phospholipids are essentially made out of two fatty acid chains and a phosphate-glycerol group. They are arranged in a bilayer with the hydrophilic phosphate head facing outwards and the hydrophobic…

Enzymes Enzymes are catalysts. Most are proteins. (A few ribonucleoprotein enzymes have been discovered and, for some of these, the catalytic activity is in the RNA part rather than the protein part. Link to discussion of these ribozymes.) Enzymes bind temporarily to one or more of the reactants of the reaction they catalyze. In doing so, they lower the amount of…

Explain the structure of enzymes and discuss their metabolic reactions. Explain the structure of enzymes and discuss their metabolic reactions. Enzyme, a protein that catalyses a specific reaction. ‘Living cells contain thousands of different enzymes’ (Elliott, p.214), each of which catalyses (that is, accelerates without itself being changed) just one kind of reaction. In some of these reactions, small organic molecules such as amino acids, sugars, nucleotides, and lipids are broken down to…