Trauma Symptom Inventory Case Study

The interviewee is asked to identify a “target” trauma, or index trauma, to link the symptoms with, however it can also be utilized to assess symptoms of any interviewee identified trauma (V. This version of the CPSS-I-5 assesses symptoms occurring only in the past month (Foa & Chapaldi, 2012). The CPSS-I-5 differs from the CPSS-SR (or Child PTSD Symptom Scale-Self Report) in that the CPSS-I-5 is completed in an interview format where the interviewer reads the questions out loud to the client versus the CPSS-SR where the client fills it out independently. The assessment yields a total symptom severity score ranging from 0-80, and a total severity-of-impairment score ranging from 0-28 across 7 domains (Foa et. al., 2001). On both CPSS-I and CPSS-SR, receiving a score of 0-10 results in a below threshold score of PTSD symptoms, 11-15 results in a subclinical-mild score of PTSD symptoms, 16-20 results in a mild score of PTSD symptoms, 21-25 results in a moderate score of PTSD symptoms, 26-30 results in a moderately severe score of PTSD symptoms, 31-40 results in a severe score of PTSD symptoms and 41-51 results in a score of extremely severe symptoms (Foa et. al., 2001). Both the CPSS-I and CPSS-SR have displayed good to excellent reliability and validity (Gillihan et al., 2013). One-week test-rest reliability was assessed for CPSS-SR and received a reliability score of r=.86. CPSS-I scores was also excellent (r = .87) (Gillihan, Et. Al., 2013). Both the CPSS-SR and the CPSS-I demonstrated symptom based diagnostic agreement of 85.5% (Gillihan, Et. Al.,

Sitting in the middle of the floor was a sixteen year old girl who had just finished a basketball game. Usually after games, the girl would sit with the rest of the team to watch the boys play. Instead, the girl walked out of the gym with tears freely falling from her cheeks hoping nobody would notice them. After she had sat down, a few members of the team noticed her absence and went looking for her. The reason the girl didn’t want to be seen with tears was because some others on the team had been experiencing the same thing that she was. What this girl was experiencing was emotional trauma created by her male coach. The

Anger, Anxiety, Depression. The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) is a 54-item self-report scale for ages 8-16. This scale is used to measure anger, anxiety, depression, and a number of other attitudes and feelings. The respondent is asked questions about having experienced traumatic events, such as physical or sexual abuse, major loss, or natural disasters. (Gratz & Roemer,

psychologically changed (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2012; Satel, 2011). Peterson et al. (2011) reported that combat-related trauma is the second leading cause of PTSD in men. In this section, diagnostic criteria, assessment, and interview protocols related to PTSD are discussed. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition – Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR, American Psychiatric Association, 2000) outlined criteria for the PTSD diagnosis and defined it according to its symptoms, duration, and the nature of the trauma. According to the DSM-IV-TR (2000) Criterion A must be met in order for a PTSD diagnosis: “the person experienced, witnessed or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or

To obtain the measures of the study Hukkelberg used different trauma detections. One of the measures Hukkelberg used was” The Traumatic Events Screening Inventory for Children” (as cited in Ford et al., 2000). “The Traumatic Events Screening Inventory for Children was used to assess trauma experiences” (as cited in Ford et al., 2000). “The Traumatic Events Screening Inventory” (as cited in Ford et al.,2000) assed how serious the trauma experiences were that the child went through. The screening was a checklist that included these experiences “severe accident, natural disaster, sudden death or severe illness of a close person, extremely painful medical procedures, violence outside the family context, witnessing violence within the family physical abuse within the family, sexual abuse inside and outside the family, and other overwhelming experiences” (as cited in Ford et al., 2000). The study had the children rate how many times they were involved in from 0 to 3 (p. 263). “The 0= Not at all, 1 Once a week or less/once in a while, 2= 2 to 4 times a week/ half of the time, and 3= 5 or more times a week/ almost always” (Hukkelberg, 2013). If a child circled a three to all or almost all of the experiences they were involved in they were assessed for posttraumatic stress disorder systems (p. 263).

Sticking to adult testing, one specific test that is being used for adults with PTSD is the Penn Inventory for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Penn Inventory) (Hammarberg, 2014) created in 1992 by Melvyn Hammarberg (Norris & Hamblen). The Penn Inventory was first made to test veterans but the questions had a barnum effect, meaning that they were applicable to a varity of people. To get the

Within the human experience, there has always been a risk of exposure to both physical and psychological trauma. The threat of violence, personal tragedies, and economic and social catastrophes are all possible triggers for an onset of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). What was once reserved as a diagnosis for veterans has been found to affect both young and old. The development of various assessment tools have been used in diagnosing PTSD and one of the most commonly used tests is the Post-Traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale. It is an assessment that was developed and validated by Edna Foa to provide a brief but reliable self-report measure of PTSD for use in both clinical and research settings (Zalta, Gillihan, Fisher, Mintz, McLean, Yehuda, & Foa, 2014). The Post-Traumatic Diagnostic Scale is an assessment instrument deigned to be taken by adults with at least an eighth grade reading level. This review of will evaluate the hits, misses, false positive errors, and false negative errors of this instrument and how to each area is applied in interpreting the construct measurement of this assessment tool. Although the Post Traumatic diagnostic Scale has consistently ranked high with clinicians and researchers, in self-reporting the definition of trauma can potentially become subjective and compromise the reliability of the assessment tool.

The client Maria has several issues that are very concerning. The first being domestic violence. The second is her health with an unexpected pregnancy. The third problematic issue is her disassociation from her family and friends. These traumatic events are causing her to have emotional imbalance such as feeling sad, anxious, and depressed. As a counselor, it prevalent to make the following assessments on Maria. The types of assessment are DSM 5 Disorder-Specific Severity Measures—Severity of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, (National Stressful Events Survey PTSD Short Scale [NSESS]) and Early Development and Home Background—Cultural Formulation Interview, Informant Version.

The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale is a reliable structured interview for a professional to assess the patient. The clinician must ask about the frequency and intensity of each symptom measured on a scale of zero to four- zero being a no experience or rare and four being a frequent experience. This method of assessment conveys trauma from any part of the patient’s lifespan, usually assessed in chronological order (Blake,

At Oceanside Trauma we would use several assessment tools for Mr. Van Winkle including the Clinicians Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Generalized Contentment Scale (GCS), and the Mississippi Scale for combat Related PTSD (M-PTSD). The military PTSD checklist may also be utilized if needed. Each respective assessment was chosen for their unique properties and documented success. The CAPS provides information on both current and lifetime PTSD. It provides a continuous measure of each PTSD symptom along two dimensions: intensity and frequency. Recent studies show that CAPS has become the instrument of choice in drug or psychotherapy treatment research. The GCS is a 25 item scale that measures the client’s degree, severity, or magnitude of depression. It focuses largely on affective aspects of clinical depression. The assessment focuses on the respondents feelings with respect to behaviors, attitudes, and events associated with depression. Empirical research has showcased its excellent scores in both reliability and validity. The M-PTSD scale is a 35 item assessment designed for deployed veterans. This scale compliments the GCS as it focuses on both guilt and suicidal tendencies. It is the appropriate instrument to administer to all of our combative veterans. It has performed extremely well in research and clinical settings (Friedman 2000). The

Symptoms were assessed with self-report measures of PTSD (PTSD Checklist) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II) before and throughout therapy. Mixed linear models were utilized to determine the slope of reported symptoms throughout treatment, and the effects associated with fixed factors such as site, treatment setting (residential vs. outpatient), and TBI severity were

The study was advertised for a period of three months over radio stations in San Antonio. The study called for women ages 18 to 45 to call the UTSA research facility if they were interested in participating in the study. They were then asked to complete a questionnaire focusing on symptoms consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Any participant that had answered that they had experienced PTSD symptoms, or any other trauma in their lifetime was excluded from the study and referred to mental health professionals to address their symptoms. These women served as an “average” group (group one), as they have not had experience trauma or PTSD. Additionally, nine schools in San Antonio (three elementary schools, three middle schools, and three high schools) were informed about the study. These schools are Stewart Elementary School, Roan Forest Elementary School, Coker

The distinguishing characteristics in assessment of PTSD and diagnosis of PTSD are the evaluation of all of the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, the assessment of associated features and comorbid disorders, and the establishment of a differential diagnosis. It is important that assessments for PTSD are psychometrically sound and that it collects information from multiple sources, measures different trauma populations, settings, genders, ethnic groups, and cultures (Foa & Yadin, 2011).

Posttraumatic stress disorder is caused by "exposure to a traumatic stressor or bearing witness to such an event" (Peterson, Luethcke, Borah, Borah, & Young-McCaughan, 2011, p. 166). Patients cannot develop PTSD without this exposure. Risk factors for a client 's development of combat-related PTSD can be divided into three main categories: the trauma 's type and severity, the individual 's factors, such as age, socioeconomic status, and psychiatric and previous history, and external environmental factors (Peterson, et al.,

Accurate assessment of post traumatic stress disorder for the case presented is critical because of the damaging effects trauma can have on the aspects of functioning in their day-to-day life. Correct symptom description, diagnosis, and response to situations can be made only to the length that measures allow. There has been progress, and that innovative measure can only move forward. However, there still is further work that needs to be done to address measurement issues in PTSD in relation to mental issues found in the patient’s case. Post traumatic experiences of the patient have made them mentally weak having low self esteem to cope with situations that surround them. In result, the patient is in denial of the truth as she fears of being left out and neglected and did not want to dig up on important issues of such physical injuries she had and sincerely can’t accept realities of