Trauma Symptom Inventory Case Study

The interviewee is asked to identify a “target” trauma, or index trauma, to link the symptoms with, however it can also be utilized to assess symptoms of any interviewee identified trauma (V. This version of the CPSS-I-5 assesses symptoms occurring only in the past month (Foa & Chapaldi, 2012). The CPSS-I-5 differs from the CPSS-SR (or Child PTSD Symptom Scale-Self Report) in that the CPSS-I-5 is completed in an interview format where the interviewer reads the questions out loud to the client versus the CPSS-SR where the client fills it out independently. The assessment yields a total symptom severity score ranging from 0-80, and a total severity-of-impairment score ranging from 0-28 across 7 domains (Foa et. al., 2001). On both CPSS-I and CPSS-SR, receiving a score of 0-10 results in a below threshold score of PTSD symptoms, 11-15 results in a subclinical-mild score of PTSD symptoms, 16-20 results in a mild score of PTSD symptoms, 21-25 results in a moderate score of PTSD symptoms, 26-30 results in a moderately severe score of PTSD symptoms, 31-40 results in a severe score of PTSD symptoms and 41-51 results in a score of extremely severe symptoms (Foa et. al., 2001). Both the CPSS-I and CPSS-SR have displayed good to excellent reliability and validity (Gillihan et al., 2013). One-week test-rest reliability was assessed for CPSS-SR and received a reliability score of r=.86. CPSS-I scores was also excellent (r = .87) (Gillihan, Et. Al., 2013). Both the CPSS-SR and the CPSS-I demonstrated symptom based diagnostic agreement of 85.5% (Gillihan, Et. Al.,

Sticking to adult testing, one specific test that is being used for adults with PTSD is the Penn Inventory for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (Penn Inventory) (Hammarberg, 2014) created in 1992 by Melvyn Hammarberg (Norris & Hamblen). The Penn Inventory was first made to test veterans but the questions had a barnum effect, meaning that they were applicable to a varity of people. To get the

The study was advertised for a period of three months over radio stations in San Antonio. The study called for women ages 18 to 45 to call the UTSA research facility if they were interested in participating in the study. They were then asked to complete a questionnaire focusing on symptoms consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Any participant that had answered that they had experienced PTSD symptoms, or any other trauma in their lifetime was excluded from the study and referred to mental health professionals to address their symptoms. These women served as an “average” group (group one), as they have not had experience trauma or PTSD. Additionally, nine schools in San Antonio (three elementary schools, three middle schools, and three high schools) were informed about the study. These schools are Stewart Elementary School, Roan Forest Elementary School, Coker

The client is a twenty-year-old Caucasian female, presenting for medical care one month after a serious automobile accident. She appeared well groomed with good eye contact. The client presented with a euthymic mood as evidenced by her calm voice, friendly nature, and straight posture. The client displayed coherent speech and a logical thought process. The client was oriented to people, the date, and the location. The client was screened for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) due to the severity of the automobile accident. The PTSD CheckList – Civilian Version (PCL-C) was conducted in a private office, which allowed for a quiet atmosphere.

Anger, Anxiety, Depression. The Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC) is a 54-item self-report scale for ages 8-16. This scale is used to measure anger, anxiety, depression, and a number of other attitudes and feelings. The respondent is asked questions about having experienced traumatic events, such as physical or sexual abuse, major loss, or natural disasters. (Gratz & Roemer,

To obtain the measures of the study Hukkelberg used different trauma detections. One of the measures Hukkelberg used was” The Traumatic Events Screening Inventory for Children” (as cited in Ford et al., 2000). “The Traumatic Events Screening Inventory for Children was used to assess trauma experiences” (as cited in Ford et al., 2000). “The Traumatic Events Screening Inventory” (as cited in Ford et al.,2000) assed how serious the trauma experiences were that the child went through. The screening was a checklist that included these experiences “severe accident, natural disaster, sudden death or severe illness of a close person, extremely painful medical procedures, violence outside the family context, witnessing violence within the family physical abuse within the family, sexual abuse inside and outside the family, and other overwhelming experiences” (as cited in Ford et al., 2000). The study had the children rate how many times they were involved in from 0 to 3 (p. 263). “The 0= Not at all, 1 Once a week or less/once in a while, 2= 2 to 4 times a week/ half of the time, and 3= 5 or more times a week/ almost always” (Hukkelberg, 2013). If a child circled a three to all or almost all of the experiences they were involved in they were assessed for posttraumatic stress disorder systems (p. 263).

The Clinician Administered PTSD Scale is a reliable structured interview for a professional to assess the patient. The clinician must ask about the frequency and intensity of each symptom measured on a scale of zero to four- zero being a no experience or rare and four being a frequent experience. This method of assessment conveys trauma from any part of the patient’s lifespan, usually assessed in chronological order (Blake,

At Oceanside Trauma we would use several assessment tools for Mr. Van Winkle including the Clinicians Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Generalized Contentment Scale (GCS), and the Mississippi Scale for combat Related PTSD (M-PTSD). The military PTSD checklist may also be utilized if needed. Each respective assessment was chosen for their unique properties and documented success. The CAPS provides information on both current and lifetime PTSD. It provides a continuous measure of each PTSD symptom along two dimensions: intensity and frequency. Recent studies show that CAPS has become the instrument of choice in drug or psychotherapy treatment research. The GCS is a 25 item scale that measures the client’s degree, severity, or magnitude of depression. It focuses largely on affective aspects of clinical depression. The assessment focuses on the respondents feelings with respect to behaviors, attitudes, and events associated with depression. Empirical research has showcased its excellent scores in both reliability and validity. The M-PTSD scale is a 35 item assessment designed for deployed veterans. This scale compliments the GCS as it focuses on both guilt and suicidal tendencies. It is the appropriate instrument to administer to all of our combative veterans. It has performed extremely well in research and clinical settings (Friedman 2000). The

psychologically changed (Department of Veterans Affairs, 2012; Satel, 2011). Peterson et al. (2011) reported that combat-related trauma is the second leading cause of PTSD in men. In this section, diagnostic criteria, assessment, and interview protocols related to PTSD are discussed. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders – Fourth Edition – Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR, American Psychiatric Association, 2000) outlined criteria for the PTSD diagnosis and defined it according to its symptoms, duration, and the nature of the trauma. According to the DSM-IV-TR (2000) Criterion A must be met in order for a PTSD diagnosis: “the person experienced, witnessed or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or

Posttraumatic stress disorder is caused by "exposure to a traumatic stressor or bearing witness to such an event" (Peterson, Luethcke, Borah, Borah, & Young-McCaughan, 2011, p. 166). Patients cannot develop PTSD without this exposure. Risk factors for a client 's development of combat-related PTSD can be divided into three main categories: the trauma 's type and severity, the individual 's factors, such as age, socioeconomic status, and psychiatric and previous history, and external environmental factors (Peterson, et al.,

Symptoms were assessed with self-report measures of PTSD (PTSD Checklist) and depression (Beck Depression Inventory-II) before and throughout therapy. Mixed linear models were utilized to determine the slope of reported symptoms throughout treatment, and the effects associated with fixed factors such as site, treatment setting (residential vs. outpatient), and TBI severity were

The distinguishing characteristics in assessment of PTSD and diagnosis of PTSD are the evaluation of all of the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, the assessment of associated features and comorbid disorders, and the establishment of a differential diagnosis. It is important that assessments for PTSD are psychometrically sound and that it collects information from multiple sources, measures different trauma populations, settings, genders, ethnic groups, and cultures (Foa & Yadin, 2011).

Several questionnaires were completed by participants who were determined to exhibit PTSD symptoms. The questionnaires in which we utilized included the following: the Veterans Affairs TBI screening instrument; the VAMSTA; the PHQ-9; the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; and the Quality of Life Interview. These questionnaires presented us with information from participants’ self-reports to determine whether exposure to a blast injury or concussion led to their PTSD symptoms. The VA TBI screening instrument is a four-section tool based on a measure designed for active duty military personnel. Examples of the screening questions are presented in Table 1. Veterans were able to endorse multiple problems in each section. Those who endorsed at least one problem under all four sections were designated as having positive TBI screens and, as required by VA policy, were tracked for a comprehensive evaluation. This comprehensive, standardized evaluation entailed a detailed history, physical examination, and assessment of current symptoms by a clinician with TBI specialty expertise (Carlson, Nelson, Orazem, Nugent, Cifu, & Sayer, 2010).

Mr. Sayid Al Jarrah was honorably discharged from the US military after having a near death experience (i.e., being shot and injured) during his service in the War in Iraq (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder—PTSD Criteria A1). Sayid reports experiencing flashbacks and frequent intrusive thoughts of his time in war (PTSD Criteria B1 and B3) while also experiencing difficulties sleeping (PTSD Criteria D1), remembering all aspects of the traumatic event (PTSD Criteria C3), and maintaining a job. Furthermore, Mr. Sayidreports avoiding stimuli associated with the traumatic event (PTSD Criteria C1), disinterest in previous enjoyable activities (PTSD Criteria C4), and feeling disconnected from others (PTSD Criteria C5) including his wife and child during which, at times, he reports having irritable or angry outbursts (PTSD Criteria D2) or retreats to his gun collection in his garage. Mr. Al Jarrah has been experiencing distress from these symptoms for two years (PTSD Criteria E and F) and meets the diagnostic criteria for chronic PTSD, as per the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (APA, 2000).

The client Maria has several issues that are very concerning. The first being domestic violence. The second is her health with an unexpected pregnancy. The third problematic issue is her disassociation from her family and friends. These traumatic events are causing her to have emotional imbalance such as feeling sad, anxious, and depressed. As a counselor, it prevalent to make the following assessments on Maria. The types of assessment are DSM 5 Disorder-Specific Severity Measures—Severity of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, (National Stressful Events Survey PTSD Short Scale [NSESS]) and Early Development and Home Background—Cultural Formulation Interview, Informant Version.