Ventilator Associated Pneumonia

Acute illnesses often disrupt the patient, family members and the clinical microsystem that has to take care of the patient because of the rapid onset in such a short time.

The purpose of this document is a critical study and analysis of the oral care provided by nursing staff as part of the Ventilator Care Bundle (VCB) and to assess whether the frequency of mouth care performed is related to the prevention of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in patients mechanically ventilated (Zilberberg et al. 2009).

Ventilator - associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common hospital acquired infection (HAI) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates for ventilated patients in intensive care units (Bingham, Ashley, Jong, & Swift, 2010). The VAP increases patients’ mortality rates, length of stay and hospital costs (Hiner, Kasuya, Cottingham, & Whitney, 2010). The VAP is the leading causes of death due to nosocomial infections and the

is one of the leading causes of death among hospitalized patients (Alberti et al., 2003). It

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a bacterial infection that occurs in the lower respiratory system within the first 48 hours of endotrachal intubation (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, & Camera, 2011). Although any hospital patient is susceptible to pneumonia, ventilator dependent patients are at the highest risk of acquiring pneumonia. The purpose of this paper is to identify the risk factors, incidences, and preventions of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) using a quantitative research study performed in Malaysia. “The aim of this

Clinical problem: Oral care and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is extremely important in all healthcare organizations and has gained increased attention. For this reason, oral care has been introduced in many hospital settings. However, there is not enough evidence on critically ill patients concerning the effect of oral care interventions on the development of VAP. In order to evaluate the effect of oral care on VAP for hospitalized patients, additional studies are required.

According to Polit and Beck (2012,p.3) “research is a systematic review inquiry that uses disciplined methods to answer a question or solve problems. The ultimate goal of research is to develop, improve and expand knowledge”. Research in nursing can produce new knowledge into nursing practice, develop and improve methods of caring and trial the efficacy of care (Gerrish, K and Lacey A, 2007). However, research according to Hockey (1984) in the first edition of the book, research is an attempt to increase the sum of what is known, usually referred to as a “body of knowledge” by the discovery of new facts or relationships

A timeframe of about 6-month test of pilot will be completed to test the feasibility and efficacy of a protocol adoption of a bundle care for the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia. The VAP bundle protocol guidelines will be used to determine quality management and reflective data audit for all patients admitted in the intensive care unit with mechanical intubation within this 6-month trial period. Evaluation is a systematic way of checking a project’s information on the activities, and characteristics in order to make a judgement of the project. Evaluation can help to give recommendations to the project and improve by adapting the recommendations and improve future projects. Evaluation gives managers considerable evidence to support the decision process with the well documented analysis.

The American Thoracic Society (1996) defines ventilator-acquired pneumonia or VAP as “the specified type of nosocomial pneumonia that occurs after the first 48 hours of initiating mechanical ventilation.” One of the major causes of mortality among infections acquired at the hospital is VAP. Once a patient develops VAP he/she will have to spend to longer amount of time in the ICU (Rello et al.,1996). VAP initiating bacteria are often categorized into two groups: those that cause early-onset VAP (usually with 4 days of mechanical ventilation) and those that cause late-onset VAP (usually after 4 days of mechanical ventilation) (Craven and Steger, 1996; George et

Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is among the most fatal hospital acquired infections, with mortality ranging from 15% to 70%. Ventilator associated pneumonia is also known to increase length of stay which directly affects unit budgets. In 2010 the institute for health care improvement added daily oral care with chlorahexidine to the five evidence based interventions which include, “(1) head-of-bed elevation between 30 degree and 45 degree; (2) a daily “sedation vacation” and a readiness-to-wean assessment; (3) peptic ulcer disease prophylaxis; (4) deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis; (5) daily oral care with chorahexidine.” (Lim, et al., 2015)

Annually more than one million people in the United States receive care in the intensive care unit (ICU) (Chandrashekar & Perme, 2009, p.213). Patients who are critically ill often require multiple therapies, monitoring devices, and mechanical ventilation. A majority of the critically ill patients remain in bed rest during their ICU and hospital stay. Prolonged immobility and bed rest have negative effects on patient outcomes leading to acute complications, longer ICU and hospital stay, and increase in mortality and morbidity rates (Dang, 2013).

In this study, in the review of 310 cases of patients admitted to the ICU, 127 files (41%) from ICU A, 93 files (30%) from ICU C, 90(29%) files from ICU D. Which were 159 females (51.3%) and 135 cases were male (48.7%). For the average age, 43.5% were less than 50 years old and 56.5% were more than 50 years old.

BMETs can help improve patient safety and quality of care in the ICU. BMETs can enhance patient safety by constantly maintaining the medical equipment performance, and ensure that medical equipment works sufficiently. Also, BMETs can help improve the quality of care in the ICU by reducing patient injury and harms by avoiding ineffective care, such as underuse or overuse the medical equipment. Additionally, delivering maintenance for the medical equipment, responding to critical situations in timely manner, and avoiding delays that may cause harms to the patients are important approaches that BMETs should do in order to improve quality of care and patient safety in the ICU. Also, BMETs should provide care based on the staff and patient needs,

is currently the second most common nosocomial infection in the United States and is associated with high mortality and morbidity (Seymann, 2008). This paper is a case study of a 52 year old female who was in the hospital for a scheduled gastric bypass surgery. During a post-op test she aspirated dye thus beginning the process of her developing nosocomial pneumonia. The patient was discharged only to return to the emergency department the following day presenting with signs and symptoms of pneumonia. This paper will discuss her diagnosis, treatment, risk factors, nursing care, socioeconomic influences, and diagnostic

This is a case of a 74 year old woman who was diagnosed with Community Acquired Pneumonia.